College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321879721
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 49GP
In addition to producing images, ultrasound can be used to heat tissues of the body for therapeutic purposes. An emitter is placed against the surface of the skin; the amplitude of the ultrasound wave at this point is quite large. When a sound wave hits the boundary between soft tissue and bone, most of the energy is reflected. The boundary acts like the closed end of a tube, which can lead to standing waves. Suppose 0.70 MHz ultrasound is directed through a layer of tissue with a bone 0.55 cm below the surface. Will standing waves be created? Explain.
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An ultrasonic scan uses the echo waves coming from something moving (such as the beating heart of a fetus) inside the body and the waves that are directly received from the transmitter to form a measurable beat frequency. This allows the speed of the internal structure to be isolated and analyzed. The speed of the ultrasound waves in tissue is about 1540 m/s.
What is the beat frequency ?beats detected when waves with a frequency of 3.80 MHz are used to scan a fetal heartbeat (moving at a speed of ±8.50 cm/s)?
hint that came with it:
In this problem there's a stationary source of ultrasound that reflects sound off of a moving object which then returns back to the ultrasound device to measure the frequency. There are 2 Doppler shifts that need to be considered. First the stationary source and the moving observer. Second, when the sound reflects off, the moving object now becomes the source and the ultrasound device becomes the observer. In this shift, the frequency measured by the…
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Chapter 16 Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 16 - Light can pass easily through water and through...Ch. 16 - Ocean waves are partially reflected from the...Ch. 16 - A string has an abrupt change in linear density at...Ch. 16 - A guitarist finds that the pitch of one of her...Ch. 16 - Certain illnesses inflame your vocal cords,...Ch. 16 - Figure Q16.6 shows a standing wave on a string...Ch. 16 - Figure Q16.7 shows a standing sound wave in a tube...Ch. 16 - A typical flute is about 66 cm long. A piccolo is...Ch. 16 - Some pipes on a pipe organ are open at both ends,...Ch. 16 - A friends voice sounds different over the...
Ch. 16 - Suppose you were to play a trumpet after breathing...Ch. 16 - If you pour liquid in a tall, narrow glass, you...Ch. 16 - When you speak after breathing helium, in which...Ch. 16 - Sopranos can sing notes at very high...Ch. 16 - A synthesizer is a keyboard instrument that can be...Ch. 16 - If a cold gives you a stuffed-up nose, it changes...Ch. 16 - A small boy and a grown woman both speak at...Ch. 16 - At x = 3 cm, what is the earliest time that y will...Ch. 16 - Two sinusoidal waves with the same amplitude A and...Ch. 16 - A student in her physics lab measures the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23MCQCh. 16 - Resonances of the ear canal lead to increased...Ch. 16 - The frequency of the lowest standing-wave mode on...Ch. 16 - Suppose you pluck a string on a guitar and it...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.11 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.2 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of two...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.3a is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.4 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of two...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.4 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of two...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.6 is a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of a...Ch. 16 - At t = 0 s, a small upward (positive y) pulse...Ch. 16 - You are holding one end of an elastic cord that is...Ch. 16 - A 2.0-m-long string is fixed at both ends and...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.10 shows a standing wave oscillating at...Ch. 16 - A bass guitar string is 89 cm long with a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - a. What are the three longest wavelengths for...Ch. 16 - A 121-cm-long, 4.00 g string oscillates in its m =...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15PCh. 16 - A violin string has a standard length of 32.8 cm....Ch. 16 - The lowest note on a grand piano has a frequency...Ch. 16 - An experimenter finds that standing waves on a...Ch. 16 - Ocean waves of wavelength 26 m are moving directly...Ch. 16 - Prob. 20PCh. 16 - The contrabassoon is the wind instrument capable...Ch. 16 - Figure P16.22 shows a standing sound wave in an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23PCh. 16 - An organ pipe is made to play a low note at 27.5...Ch. 16 - The speed of sound in room temperature (20C) air...Ch. 16 - Parasaurolophus was a dinosaur whose...Ch. 16 - A drainage pipe running under a freeway is 30.0 m...Ch. 16 - Some pipe organs create sounds lower than humans...Ch. 16 - Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we...Ch. 16 - You know that you sound better when you sing in...Ch. 16 - A child has an ear canal that is 1.3 cm long. At...Ch. 16 - When a sound wave travels directly toward a hard...Ch. 16 - The first formant of your vocal system can be...Ch. 16 - When you voice the vowel sound in hat, you narrow...Ch. 16 - The first and second formants when you make an ee...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers in a 20C room emit 686 Hz sound...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers emit sound waves along the...Ch. 16 - In noisy factory environments, its possible to use...Ch. 16 - Two identical loudspeakers separated by distance d...Ch. 16 - Two identical loudspeakers 2.0 m apart are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 42PCh. 16 - Musicians can use beats to tune their instruments....Ch. 16 - A student waiting at a stoplight notices that her...Ch. 16 - Two strings are adjusted to vibrate at exactly 200...Ch. 16 - A childs train whistle replicates a classic...Ch. 16 - A flute player hears four beats per second when...Ch. 16 - Prob. 48GPCh. 16 - In addition to producing images, ultrasound can be...Ch. 16 - An 80-cm-long steel string with a linear density...Ch. 16 - Tendons are, essentially, elastic cords stretched...Ch. 16 - A string, stretched between two fixed posts, forms...Ch. 16 - Spiders may tune strands of their webs to give...Ch. 16 - Prob. 54GPCh. 16 - Prob. 55GPCh. 16 - Lake Erie is prone to remarkable seichesstanding...Ch. 16 - Prob. 57GPCh. 16 - Prob. 58GPCh. 16 - A 40-cm-long tube has a 40-cm-long insert that can...Ch. 16 - The width of a particular microwave oven is...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers located along the x-axis as shown...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers 42.0 m apart and facing each...Ch. 16 - You are standing 2.50 m directly in front of one...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers, 4.0 m apart and facing each...Ch. 16 - Piano tuners tune pianos by listening to the beats...Ch. 16 - A flutist assembles her flute in a room where the...Ch. 16 - A Doppler blood flowmeter emits ultrasound at a...Ch. 16 - An ultrasound unit is being used to measure a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 70MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 71MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 72MSPPCh. 16 - Prob. 73MSPP
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