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Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we can make a simple model of it as an open-closed tube extending from the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm, the large muscle separating the abdomen and the chest cavity. What is the length of this tube if its fundamental frequency equals a typical speech frequency of 200 Hz? Assume a sound speed of 350 m/s. Does this result for the tube length seem reasonable, based on observations on your own body?
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College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
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- A flute has a length of 58.0 cm. If the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the fundamental frequency of the flute, assuming it is a tube closed at one end and open at the other? (a) 148 Hz (b) 296 Hz (c) 444 Hz (d) 591 Hz (e) none of those answersarrow_forwardSome studies suggest that the upper frequency limit of hearing is determined by the diameter of the eardrum. The wavelength of the sound wave and the diameter of the eardrum are approximately equal at this upper limit. If the relationship holds exactly, what is the diameter of the eardrum of a person capable of hearing 20 000 Hz? (Assume a body temperature of 37.0C.)arrow_forwardA pipe is observed to have a fundamental frequency of 345 Hz. Assume the pipe is filled with air (v = 343 m/s). What is the length of the pipe if the pipe is a. closed at one end and b. open at both ends?arrow_forward
- A bat can detect small objects, such as an insect, whose size is approximately equal to one wavelength of the sound the bat makes. If bats emit a chirp at a frequency of 64.0 kHz, and if the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, what is the smallest insect a bat can detect?arrow_forwardAlthough 0 dB is often referred to as the lower threshold of human hearing, it is important to realize that the human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies of sound. In other words, a particular noise may sound louder or softer depending on the frequency of the sound wave being transmitted. Because of this variation, scientists have defined a unit of loudness, called a phon, to represent the intensity of sound waves with a frequency of 1000 Hz: A 60-phon sound is one that is perceived by the human ear to have the same loudness as a sound wave with an intensity of 60 dB and a frequency of 1000 Hz. Figure Intensity (in dB) 100 80 60 40 20 0 30 50 100 500 100 phons 80 phons 60 phons 40 phons 20 phons 0 phons 000'I Frequency (in Hz) 000'S 10,000 1 of 1 There is no simple mathematical formula for converting phons into decibels. The relationship between these two measures of intensity has been determined by experiment. The graph (Figure 1) displays the perceived loudness of sound…arrow_forwardA sound wave with intensity 2 x 10 -3 W/m2 is perceived to be modestly loud. Your eardrum is 6 mm in diameter. How much energy will be transferred to your eardrum while listening to this sound for 1 minute?arrow_forward
- Sound is detected when a sound wave causes the tympanic membrane (the ear drum) to vibrate. Typically, the diameter of this membrane is about 8.4 mm in humans. A) how much energy is delivered to the eardrum each second when someone whispers (20 dB) into your ear? B) to comprehend how sensitive the ear is to very small amounts of energy, calculate how fast a typical 2.0 mg mosquito would have to fly (in mm/s) to have this amount of kinetic energy.arrow_forwardThe pan flute is a musical instrument consisting of a number of closed-end tubes of different lengths. When the musician blows over the open ends, each tube plays a different note. The longest pipe is 0.33 m long. What is the frequency of the note it plays?arrow_forwardChapter 16, Problem 069 Your answer is partially correct. Try again. ES. lem The bellow of a territorial bull hippopotamus is measured at 116 dB above the threshold of hearing. What is the sound intensity? Hint: The threshold of human hearing is Io = 1.00 x 10-12 W/m2. plem %3D blem Number Units W/m^2 ▼ oblem the tolerance is +/-5% oblem roblem SHOW HINT Problem LINK TO TEXT Problem Problem By accessing this Question Assistance, you will learn while you earn points based on the Point Potential Policy set by your instructor. Problem Question Attempts: 1 of 6 used SUBMIT ANSWER SAVE FOR LATER Problem Earn Maximum Points available only if you 8:02 PM 4/29/2020 19 e here to search 21 ASL pause break prt sc sysrq f11 f12 insert f8 f9 f10 f4 f5 f6 f7 f2 f3 backspace & %24 80 4 96arrow_forward
- The lowest frequency in the audible range is 20 Hz. What are the lengths of (a) the shortest open-open tube and (b) the shortest open-closed tube needed to produce this frequency?arrow_forwardFor Exercise, the formula L = 10 log (£) gives the loudness of sound L (in dB) based on the intensity of sound I (in W/m2). The value 10 = 10-12 W/m2 is the minimal threshold for hearing for midfrequency sounds. Hearing impairment is often measured according to the minimal sound level (in dB) detected by an individual for sounds at various frequencies. For one frequency, the table depicts the level of hearing impairment. |Category Loudness (dB) Mild 26 sL 90 Determine the range that represents the intensity of sound that can be heard by an individual with severe hearing impairment.arrow_forwardFor Exercise, the formula L = 10 log (£) gives the loudness of sound L (in dB) based on the intensity of sound I (in W/m2). The value 10 = 10-12 W/m2 is the minimal threshold for hearing for midfrequency sounds. Hearing impairment is often measured according to the minimal sound level (in dB) detected by an individual for sounds at various frequencies. For one frequency, the table depicts the level of hearing impairment. Category Loudness (dB) Mild 26 sLs 40 Moderate 41 90 a. If the minimum intensity heard by an individual is 3.4 x 10-8 W/m2, determine if the individual has a hearing impairment. b. If the minimum loudness of sound detected by an individual is 30 dB, determine the corresponding intensity of sound.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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