It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 ° C . The sign of Δ S and Δ H is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified. Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of Δ S is calculated using the formula, Δ S = Δ H T .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

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a) Explain why product 1 is the kinetic product and product 2 is the thermodynamic product. b) Draw the reaction coordinate diagram for the reaction pathway generating each product. c) State the Arrhenius Equation and explain the terms with their physical significance. d) State and explain which reaction pathway has a higher rate constant. What happens to the rate constant if the temperature has increased?

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QUESTION 1 Write the IUPAC names for the following compounds. (a) (b) 2 H₂C CH (c) Br (d) HO (e) COOH

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 49E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form at temperatures above 95 °C . The sign of ΔS and ΔH is to be predicted for this change. The form of sulfur that has the more ordered crystalline structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: Entropy is the measure of degree of disorder or randomness. The value of ΔS is calculated using the formula,

ΔS=ΔHT .

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Define the following: a. spontaneous process b....Ch. 16 - What is the second law of thermodynamics? For any...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 16 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 16 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 16 - What is the standard free energy change, G, for a...Ch. 16 - If you calculate a value for G for a reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the equation G = G + RT ln(Q). What is...Ch. 16 - Even if G is negative, the reaction may not occur....Ch. 16 - Prob. 10RQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that sulfur undergoes a phase change from the rhombic crystal structure to the monoclinic crystal form.

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