(a) Interpretation: The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified. Concept introduction: Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds. An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon. A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it. In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon. R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Answers to the remaining 6 questions will be hand-drawn on paper and submitted as a single file upload below: Review of this week's reaction: H₂NCN (cyanamide) + CH3NHCH2COOH (sarcosine) + NaCl, NH4OH, H₂O ---> H₂NC(=NH)N(CH3)CH2COOH (creatine) Q7. Draw by hand the reaction of creatine synthesis listed above using line structures without showing the Cs and some of the Hs, but include the lone pairs of electrons wherever they apply. (4 pts) Q8. Considering the Zwitterion form of an amino acid, draw the Zwitterion form of Creatine. (2 pts) Q9. Explain with drawing why the C-N bond shown in creatine structure below can or cannot rotate. (3 pts) NH2(C=NH)-N(CH)CH2COOH This bond Q10. Draw two tautomers of creatine using line structures. (Note: this question is valid because problem Q9 is valid). (4 pts) Q11. Mechanism. After seeing and understanding the mechanism of creatine synthesis, students should be ready to understand the first half of one of the Grignard reactions presented in a past…

Propose a synthesis pathway for the following transformations. b) c) d)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16.1 - Draw the structure of the three constitutional...Ch. 16.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde. a. (...Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each TUPAC...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2PP Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 16.3 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 16.3 - Acetone and progesterone are two ketones that...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16.8P

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of carbonyl group in erythrulose. Aldehydes & ketones are two of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

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(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 16 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of carbonyl group in erythrulose. Aldehydes & ketones are two of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

Concept explainers

Videos

(d) Interpretation: Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K2Cr2O7 should be considered. Concept introduction: K2Cr2O7 is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 16 Solutions

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.