(a) Interpretation: The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified. Concept introduction: Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds. An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon. A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it. In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon. R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Complete the reaction hand written please

Predict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) cold ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. dm Re Explanation Check ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Term

b) Use curved arrows to show the reaction of the radical with hydrogen bromide. Br: Br H .. Answer Bank

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of carbonyl group in erythrulose should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes & ketones are 2 of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

An aldehyde has an oxygen atom double bonded to carbon and a hydrogen atom bonded to the same carbon.

A ketone has oxygen atom double bonded to the C and there are no H atoms bonded to it.

In both aldehydes and ketones this carbon is known as carbonyl carbon.

R − Other atoms or atomic groups connected to the compound apart from the carbonyl group.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The 3 hydroxyl groups should be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Concept introduction:

Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom with hydroxyl group (-OH), they can be classified as primary (1 °), secondary (2 °) and tertiary (3 °) hydroxyls.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with Tollens reagent should be considered.

Concept introduction:

Tollens reagent is amixture of a silver nitrate solution, ammonia and some sodium hydroxide. NaOH is added to maintain the pH in a basic level as the Tollensreaction only happens in a basic medium.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16.1 - Draw the structure of the three constitutional...Ch. 16.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde. a. (...Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each TUPAC...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2PP Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 16.3 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 16.3 - Acetone and progesterone are two ketones that...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16.8P

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of carbonyl group in erythrulose. Aldehydes & ketones are two of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

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(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the type of carbonyl group in erythrulose. Aldehydes & ketones are two of the major functional groups in organic compounds.

Concept explainers

Videos

(d) Interpretation: Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K2Cr2O7 should be considered. Concept introduction: K2Cr2O7 is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

(d)

Interpretation:

Out of the 2 functional groups in erythrulose, which functional group is reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇ should be considered.

Concept introduction:

K₂Cr₂O₇ is an oxidizing agent. It has the ability to oxidize some functional groups of an organic compound.