Chapter 16, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the aldehyde having the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_8{\text{H}}_{16}\text{O}$ which has the six carbon atoms in the longest chain is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An aldehyde refers to a chemical compound which contains -CHO functional group that consists of a carbonyl center (carbon -oxygen double bond) provided that the carbon atom is attached to hydrogen and R group of the carbon chain. A molecular formula depicts the chemical symbols for the elements constituting the given molecule such that each symbol contains a numerical subscript that describes the number of atoms of each atom present in the molecule.

Answer to Problem 15P

  

Explanation of Solution

To draw the structure of an aldehyde having the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_8{\text{H}}_{16}\text{O}$ which has the six carbon atoms in the longest chain, one needs to draw a carbon chain containing six carbon atoms in the longest chain and the -CHO group is present at the terminal position. After drawing six carbon atoms in the longest chain, 2 remaining carbon atoms can be substituted on the C atom/s in the main chain.

Thus, the structure of the aldehyde can be represented as follows:

  

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the ketone having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}\text{O}$ and five carbon atoms in the longest chain is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In chemistry a ketone functional group refers to the structure with general molecular formula $\text{RC}\left(=\text{O}\right)\text{ R’}$ where R and R' can be same or different alkyl groups. A molecular formula depicts the chemical symbols for the elements constituting the given molecule such that each symbol contains a numerical subscript that describes the number of atoms of each atom present in the molecule.

Answer to Problem 15P

  

Explanation of Solution

To draw the structure of ketone having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}\text{O}$ and five carbon atoms in the longest chain, one needs to draw a carbon chain containing five carbon atoms in the longest chain. After drawing five carbon atoms in the longest chain, 1 remaining carbon atom can be substituted on the C atom in the main chain.

The structure so formed is shown below:

  

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of ketone having the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_8\text{O}$ containing a ring is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In chemistry a ketone functional group refers to the structure with general molecular formula $\text{RC}\left(=\text{O}\right)\text{ R’}$ where R and R' can be same or different alkyl groups. A molecular formula depicts the chemical symbols for the elements constituting the given molecule such that each symbol contains a numerical subscript that describes the number of atoms of each atom present in the molecule.

Answer to Problem 15P

  

Explanation of Solution

To draw the structure of ketone having the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_8\text{O}$ containing a ring, first draw the structure of a pentane ring and a (C=O) is attached to carbon as shown below:

  

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of an aldehyde with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{10}\text{O}$ and the CHO group attached to a ring is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An aldehyde refers to a chemical compound which contains -CHO functional group that consists of a carbonyl center (carbon -oxygen double bond) provided that the carbon atom is attached to hydrogen and R group of the carbon chain. A molecular formula depicts the chemical symbols for the elements constituting the given molecule such that each symbol contains a numerical subscript that describes the number of atoms of each atom present in the molecule.

Answer to Problem 15P

  

Explanation of Solution

To draw the structure of an aldehyde with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{10}\text{O}$ and the CHO group attached to a ring, one needs to draw a cyclopentane ring and then -CHO group is attached to one of the carbons in the ring. The structure so formed is as follows: