Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The product for the reaction of ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
Concept introduction:
An electrophilic

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
No product will be formed in the reaction of ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
Explanation of Solution
Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. In the dark no bromine free radical will be generated, therefore, no free radical reaction will occur. Carbon tetrachloride does not facilitate the production of positively charged
No reaction takes place between ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
(b)
Interpretation:
The product for the reaction ethylbenzene with
Concept introduction:
An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring. Aromatic ring does not easily undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction; however, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction easily.

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
The products for the reaction ethylbenzene with
Explanation of Solution
Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. The nitronium ion
The corresponding
Figure 1
The products for the reaction ethylbenzene with
(c)
Interpretation:
The product for the reaction ethylbenzene with concentrated
Concept introduction:
An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring. Aromatic ring does not easily undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction; however, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction easily.

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
The products for the reaction ethylbenzene with concentrated
Explanation of Solution
Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. In the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, the
Figure 2
The products for the reaction ethylbenzene with concentrated
(d)
Interpretation:
The product for the reaction ethylbenzene with propionyl chloride and
Concept introduction:
Friedel Craft acylation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, the synthesis of the monoacylated product takes place from the reaction between aromatic rings and acyl chlorides.

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
The products for the reaction of ethylbenzene with propionyl chloride and
Explanation of Solution
Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminum chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. The acyl group attacks either ortho or para position of ethylbenzene to form the product. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.
Figure 3
The products for the reaction ethylbenzene with propionyl chloride and
(e)
Interpretation:
The product for the exothermic reaction of ethylbenzene with
Concept introduction:
An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring. Aromatic ring does not easily undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction; however, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction easily.

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
The product for the exothermic reaction of ethylbenzene with
Explanation of Solution
Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. In the presence of
Figure 4
The product for the exothermic reaction of ethylbenzene with
(f)
Interpretation:
The product for the exothermic reaction of ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
Concept introduction:
An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring. Aromatic ring does not easily undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction; however, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction easily.

Answer to Problem 16.35AP
The products for the exothermic reaction of ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
Explanation of Solution
Ethylbenzene is ortho and para directing group, the electrophile will substitute on either ortho or para position of the benzene ring. In this reaction, positively charged
Figure 5
The products for the exothermic reaction ethylbenzene with bromine gas and
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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