Chapter 16, Problem 16.177QP

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) accounts for as much as 80 percent of the acid in acid rain. Its first ionization is complete, producing H⁺ and the hydrogen sulfate ion:

${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}(aq)\rightleftarrows {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{(}aq{\text{)+HSO}}_4^{-}(aq)$

Its second ionization, which produces additional H⁺ and the sulfate ion, has an ionization constant (K_a2) of 1.3 × 10⁻².

${\text{HSO}}_4^{-}(aq)\rightleftarrows {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{(}aq{\text{)+SO}}_4^{2-}(aq)$

Calculate the concentration of all species m a raindrop in which the sulfuric acid concentration is 4 00 × 10⁻⁵ M. Assume that sulfuric acid is the only acid present.