The reason for higher Δ H v a p of water than Δ H f u s should be explained and changes in intermolecular forces in going from solid to liquid to vapor during this process need to explained. Concept Introduction : Enthalpy of vaporization - the heat energy required in converting the liquid substance into a gas substance. Enthalpy of fusion - the amount of energy required to convert a solid into liquid under constant pressure. Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between the molecules in different state of matter . Generally, intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than liquid and gases have weakest intermolecular forces.

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Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 16, Problem 13E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The reason for higher ΔHvap of water than ΔHfus should be explained and changes in intermolecular forces in going from solid to liquid to vapor during this process need to explained.

Concept Introduction : Enthalpy of vaporization - the heat energy required in converting the liquid substance into a gas substance.

Enthalpy of fusion - the amount of energy required to convert a solid into liquid under constant pressure.

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between the molecules in different state of matter. Generally, intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than liquid and gases have weakest intermolecular forces.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

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Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 16, Problem 13E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The reason for higher ΔHvap of water than ΔHfus should be explained and changes in intermolecular forces in going from solid to liquid to vapor during this process need to explained.

Concept Introduction : Enthalpy of vaporization - the heat energy required in converting the liquid substance into a gas substance.

Enthalpy of fusion - the amount of energy required to convert a solid into liquid under constant pressure.

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between the molecules in different state of matter. Generally, intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than liquid and gases have weakest intermolecular forces.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 16, Problem 13E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The reason for higher ΔHvap of water than ΔHfus should be explained and changes in intermolecular forces in going from solid to liquid to vapor during this process need to explained.

Concept Introduction : Enthalpy of vaporization - the heat energy required in converting the liquid substance into a gas substance.

Enthalpy of fusion - the amount of energy required to convert a solid into liquid under constant pressure.

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between the molecules in different state of matter. Generally, intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than liquid and gases have weakest intermolecular forces.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Substance that constitutes everything in the universe. Matter consists of atoms, which are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction: solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).

Chapter 16, Problem 13E

Interpretation Introduction