Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The structure of DNA correlates with its role in the molecular basis of inheritance.
Theme introduction:
The transmission of traits to the next generations is known as heredity. The heritable genetic information is in the form of DNA. The DNA structure and function are linked and, these are based on the base pair composition and their arrangement.
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The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA, and structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. In a short essay (100−150 words), describe how the structure of DNA is correlated with its role as the molecular basis of inheritance.
AKS 5c: In eukaryotic organisms like humans, DNA never leaves the nucleus.
Which of the following is the best explanation for how DNA provides the code for
physical traits and characteristics of humans, even though it never leaves the
nucleus? *
In the nucleus, the DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which can then leave the nucleus
and be translated at the hbosome into proteins, which make up physical traits and
characteristics.
Under the right conditions, DNA turns into TRNA so it can leave the nucleus, then it is
translated into proteins which make up physical traits and characteristics.
Inside the nucleus, DNA is transcribed into TRNA, which is then translated into
proteins. These proteins can then leave the nucleus and make up physical traits and
characteristics.
The DNA in the nucleus is translated into proteins, which are able to leave the nucleus
and enter the cytoplasm, where transcription of rRNA can occur. The rRNA then
makes up the physical traits and characteristics.
AKS 5c1:…
In chromosomes, doubly-stranded DNA wraps tightly around histone proteins. Think about the structure of DNA, especially the "backbone," and determine what category of
amino acids make up the majority of histones:
Histone Octamer
tetramer
dimer HZA
dimer
dimer
dimer
Histone "fastener"
Here the blue represents histones, and the red is the DNA strand.
To help the DNA fold up in an aqueous environment, the histones are nonpolar to exclude water, so many of the amino acid side chains are nonpolar.
The backbone of DNA is the alternating phosphate-sugar part, and the phosphate is negatively charged. Positive charges on the histone residues will bind tightly here, so
the acidic amino acids are used here.
The backbone of DNA is the alternating phosphate-deoxyribose part, and the phosphate is negatively charged. Positive charges on the histone residues will bind tightly
here, so the basic amino acids are used here.
The histones are strongly attracted to the hydrogen-bonding of the base pairs, so…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - Given a polynucleotide sequence such as GAATTC,...Ch. 16.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Griffith was trying to develop a...Ch. 16.2 - What role does complementary base pairing play in...Ch. 16.2 - Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNA...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 16.3 - Describe the structure of a nucleosome, the basic...Ch. 16.3 - What two properties, one structural and one...Ch. 16.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Interphase chromosomes appear to...Ch. 16 - What does it mean wheti we say that the two DNA...
Ch. 16 - DRAW IT Redraw the Punnett Square on The right...Ch. 16 - Describe the levels of chromatin packing you'd...Ch. 16 - In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and...Ch. 16 - What is the basis for tlie difference in how the...Ch. 16 - In analyzing the number of different bases in a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 16 - In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around (A)...Ch. 16 - E. coli cells grown on, 15N medium are transferred...Ch. 16 - A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a...Ch. 16 - The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine...Ch. 16 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Although the proteins that cause...Ch. 16 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some bacteria may be able to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Determine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that "DNA influences the proteins that are made" and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults. The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape.arrow_forwardOne of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genetic material? 1. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by wrapping the double-helix around histone proteins to form nucleosomes. 2. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of supercoiled circular DNA molecules complexed with proteins into chromosomes. 3. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of relaxed linear DNA molecules complexed with RNA into a 30 nm fiber. 4. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by folding linker regions around non-histone proteins to form a scaffold.arrow_forwardDescribe the Central Dogma of molecular genetics and the three processes that drive the flow of genetic information in an organism.arrow_forward
- a. As a result of the structure of DNA and RNA, replication, transcription and translation are possible. What can nucleic acids do, as a result of their structure, that enables these processes to occur? The figure below shows a simplified schematic representation of a segment of DNA. The DNA is labelled with the numbers 1 – 14 for easy reference. -35 sequence Pribnow box 5' UTR 3' UTR DNA TTGACA TATAAT -35 -10 Gene a Gene B Gene y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 UTR = untranslated region b. At which position on the DNA (number 1 - 14) will transcription be initiated? c. At which position on the DNA (number 1 - 14) will the first signal for translation be found? d. Between which two regions on the DNA will the polyadenylation signal be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region. e. Between which two regions on the DNA will the first Shine-Dalgarno / Ribosome Binding Sequence be found? Use the numbers to indicate the region.arrow_forwardList and describe the processes that make up the central dogma of biology which provides the path for the flow of genetic information from DNA to the proteins that are synthesized and carry out the functions needed by the cell.arrow_forwardDetermine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that “DNA influences the proteins that are made” and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] Group of answer choices The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape. The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults.arrow_forward
- can you match the correctarrow_forwardDescribe the connections between the endosomal lysosomal system and patients with diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Niemann–Pick disease, and tuberculosis.arrow_forwardAdditionally include a discussion of how the regulation of DNA expression by the proteins that are bound to it and their inheritance influences your understanding of DNA being the material of inheritance.arrow_forward
- #15 & #16arrow_forwarda. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. Select from the drop down menus to complete the complimentary strand for the following DNA molecule: A [ Select ] [ Select ] G [ Select ] [ Select ] [ Select ] A [ Select ] [ Select ] [ Select ] [ Select ] > > > > > >arrow_forwardA. Refer to the figure below and explain DNA packaging and Describe 1 structural feature/characteristic which makes histones well-suited for attracting and assisting with the packaging of DNA nucleus cel DNA of double helixarrow_forward
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