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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl group: This group presence of a (C=O) distinguished carbonyl compounds other organic compounds, carbonyl compounds are then classified according to what is bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
Ketone: A compound that has carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic compounds in organic groups that can be the same (or) different, for example (R2−C=O) and (R−CO−R'
(b)
The aldehyde and ketone group should be identified given molecule of Testosterone.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl group: This group presence of a
Ketone: A compound that has carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic compounds in organic groups that can be the same (or) different, for example
(c)
The aldehyde and ketone group should be identified given molecule of Vanillin.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl group: This group presence of a
Aldehyde: A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to at least hydrogen atom, for example (
(d)
The aldehyde and ketone group should be identified given the molecular formula.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl group: This group presence of a
Ketone: A compound that has carbonyl group bonded to two carbons in organic compounds in organic groups that can be the same (or) different, for example
(e)
The aldehyde and ketone group should be identified given the molecular formula.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl group: This group presence of a
Aldehyde: A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to at least hydrogen atom, for example (
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- in an x-ray diffraction experiment, moving the detector farther away from the crystal will allow collection of reflection of reflections with high Miller indices. true or false?arrow_forwardShow the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed formation of an [α-1,6] glycosidic linkagebetween two molecules of α-D-glucopyranose.arrow_forwardLabel the following polysaccharide derivatives as reducing or nonreducing. a. C. b. HO CH₂OH CH2OH OH OH OH OH OH HOCH₂ OH OH OH HOCH₂ HO HO HO OH OH ΙΟ CH₂OH OH OH "OH OHarrow_forward
- For a red blood cell (erythrocyte) undergoing active glycolysis, briefly explain how increases in concentration of the following factors are likely to affect glycolytic flux. a. ATP b. AMP c. F-1,6-BP d. F-2,6-BP e. Citrate f. Glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardThe ∆G°’ for hydrolysis of phosphoenol pyruvate is -62.2 kJ/mol. The standard freeenergy of ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. A. What is the standard free energy and K eq of the spontaneous reaction betweenADP/ATP and phosphoenol pyruvate. B. Repeat A for F-1,6-BP (∆G°’=-16.7 kJ/mol) and 1,3-BPG (∆G°’=-49.6 kJ/mol)hydrolysis. C. If the ATP and ADP concentrations are 8mM and 1mM respectively, what would bethe ratio of pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate at equilibrium?arrow_forwardAnswerarrow_forward
- 13. Which one is the major organic product of the following sequence of reactions? A OH (CH3)2CHCH2COOH SOCI2 CH3OH 1. CH3MgBr 2. H₂O, H+ B C D OH E OHarrow_forward14. Which one is the major organic product of the following sequence of reactions? (CH3)2CH-COCI CH3OH 1. DIBALH, -78°C 1. PhCH2MgBr ? 2. H2O, HCI 2. H2O, HCI OH OMe A Ph B Ph OH Ph C OMe Ph D E OH .Pharrow_forward6. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? CO₂Me 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O CH₂OH CH₂OCH3 5555 HO A B HO C HO D CH₂OH E ?arrow_forward
- 1. (10 points) Pulverized coal pellets, which may be ° approximated as carbon spheres of radius r = 1 mm, are burned in a pure oxygen atmosphere at 1450 K and 1 atm. Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface by diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction C + O₂ →> CO₂. The reaction rate is first order and of the form No2 = k₁C₁₂(r), where k₁ = 0.1 m/s. Neglecting changes in r, determine the steady-state O₂ molar consumption rate in kmol/s. At 1450 K, the binary diffusion coefficient for O2 and CO2 is 1.71 x 10ª m²/s.arrow_forward2. (20 points) Consider combustion of hydrogen gas in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen adjacent to the metal wall of a combustion chamber. Combustion occurs at constant temperature and pressure according to the chemical reaction 2H₂+ O₂→ 2H₂O. Measurements under steady-state conditions at 10 mm from the wall indicate that the molar concentrations of hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor are 0.10, 0.10, and 0.20 kmol/m³, respectively. The generation rate of water vapor is 0.96x102 kmol/m³s throughout the region of interest. The binary diffusion coefficient for each of the species (H, O̟, and H₂O) in the remaining species is 0.6 X 10-5 m²/s. (a) Determine an expression for and make a qualitative plot of C as a function of distance from the wall. H2 (b) Determine the value of C2 at the wall. H2 (c) On the same coordinates used in part (a), sketch curves for the concentrations of oxygen and water vapor. This will require you to calculate Co, and C. 02 H20 (d) What is the molar flux of water…arrow_forward4. (15 points) Consider a spherical organism of radius ro within which respiration occurs at a uniform volumetric rate of That is, oxygen (species A) consumption is governed by a first- order reaction, homogeneous chemical reaction. a. If a molar concentration of CA(ro) = CA,o is maintained at the surface of the organism, obtain an expression for the radial distribution of oxygen, CA(r), within the organism. Hint: To simplify solution of the species diffusion equation, invoke the transformation y = rCA. b. Obtain an expression for the rate of oxygen consumption within the organism. c. Consider an organism of radius ro = 0.10 mm and a diffusion coefficient of DAB = 108 m2/s. If CA, o = 5 x105 kmol/m3 and k1 20 s1, estimate the corresponding value of the molar concentration at the center of the organism. What is the rate of oxygen consumption by the organism?arrow_forward
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