
Concept explainers
To review:
Definition of the following terminologies:
(a) Albinism
(b) Maple syrup urine disease
(c) Alkaptonuria
(d) Methylmalonic acidemia
(e) Phenylketonuria
Introduction:
The catabolism of various amino acids requires enzymesand is necessary for the proper functioning of different biological processes. The various end products released after catabolism of amino acids are acetyl CoA (coenzyme A), pyruvate, acetoacetyl CoA, and several intermediates of the citric acid cycle such as alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, and oxaloacetate. Enzymes are function optimally in healthy individuals. The disorders associated with amino acid

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Chapter 15 Solutions
Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
- fill in the table and circle the active sitearrow_forwardThe two half reactions for beginning and end of the electron transport chain are given below in standard form. Calculate & for the overall process. Using the Nernst equation (AG° = -n Fo, F= 96.485 kJ/volt mol), calculate AG°. Explain the need for a stepwise process in the electron transport chain. NAD* + H+ + 2 e- = NADH ½ 0г + 2H+ + 2е- = H20 = -0.32v E = +0.82Varrow_forwardanswer the questions and the example steps should be from carbohydrates glycolysis and citric acid cycle. Please put down reactions and structuresarrow_forward
- identify the general type of reaction catalyzed and an example step from glycolisis structure for each of the following enzymes/ co factor Kinase, isomerase, mutase, dehydrogenase, NAD+ , FADarrow_forwardfill in the blanks with the missing structures and give namesarrow_forwardfill in the table and identify the general type of reaction catalayzed and an example step from the structures in the second page so you will answer the questions from the first page the second one is just a reference urgently!arrow_forward
- Please draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how each enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway. (This is a metabolic map)arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how an enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway to create energy.arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how each enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway.arrow_forward
- Please draw out the mechanism with curved arrows showing electron flow. Pyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide the mechanism for this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.arrow_forwardPyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide the mechanism for this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.arrow_forwardThe mitochondrial ATP synthase has 10 copies of the F0 subunit “c”, and the [H ] in the mitochondrial inner membrane space (IMS) is 6.31 x 10-8 M and the [H + ] in the matrix is 3.16 x 10-9 M. Calculate the minimum membrane potential (∆Ψ) necessary to make ATP synthesis thermodynamically favorable. [Assume ∆G' ofphosphate hydrolysis of ATP is - 45 kJ/mol.]arrow_forward
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