Concept explainers
(a)
To draw:
The diagram that consist of 5 genes and the enhancers. Suppose that the blue, orange, green, red, purple and black are the activator proteins that binds to the appropriate color-coded control elements of the enhancers.
(a)
To draw an X above the enhancer elements that will transcribe only gene 5 and also, identify the colored activators present.
(b)
To draw a dot above the enhancer elements where blue, orange and green activators are present. Also, identify the transcribed genes.
(c)
Suppose, the genes 1, 2 and 4 codes for the proteins that are nerve-specific and genes 3 and 5 are the proteins that are skin-specific. To identify the activators that will ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.
Concept introduction:
A gene (eukaryotic) and the elements of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are organized properly. The transcription initiation complex (cluster of proteins) assembles on the promoter sequence and the processing or transcription process is initiated.
Pictorial representation:
Figure 1: Transcription of genes with the help of enhancer elements.
To draw:
An X above the enhancer elements that will transcribe only gene 5 and also, identify the colored activators present.
(b)
To draw:
A dot above the enhancer elements where blue, orange and green activators are present. Also, identify the associated transcribed genes.
(c)
To suppose:
The genes 1, 2 and 4 codes for the proteins that are nerve-specific and genes 3 and 5 codes for the proteins that are skin-specific. And, identify the activators that will ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.
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EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
- 6. please match each of the itemarrow_forward1. - Which factor(s)/protein(s) would you expect to occur at positions C and G ? (name them) 2. - Would you expect e1, e2, or e3 to be an enhancer for gene t? (explain briefly) 3. - Which genes would you expect to be most likely regulated by enhancer e1? (explain briefly) 4. - In this example genes t - x are expressed but genes y and z are not transcribed. At which position would you expect to see a sharp transition between the chromatin marks H3K27me3 and H3K36me3? (name the position, A - I).arrow_forward3). Consider the four mutations (i-iv) described below: i. One of the mutations causing cystic fibrosis in humans is a deletion of three nucleotides that eliminates a phenylalanine at position 508 of the CFTR protein (D508). Normally, CFTR protein is localized to the plasma membrane, where it functions as a chloride ion channel. D508 CFTR is misfolded and all of it is degraded without ever reaching the cell surface. ii. The yeast transcription factor Gal4p contains a DNA-binding domain and a transcriptional activation domain. An allele with a deletion the gene portion encoding the activation domain encodes a truncated Gal4p containing only the DNA-binding domain. It binds to Gal4p target genes at appropriate binding sites in their upstream regulatory regions, but does not activate their transcription. In cells with both wild type and mutant forms of Gal4p, the truncated Gal4p binds more efficiently to target DNA sequences than wild type. iii. Mutations in the acid maltase gene in…arrow_forward
- The figure below shows 6 genes that are differentially expressed based on their specific enhancers. The different activators (A-F) are proteins that can bind to the appropriate control element in the enhancers of these genes. Use the diagram to answer the following question: What gene(s) would be transcribed if you A, C, E and F enhancers had activators bound to them? No need to explain your answer – just provide the gene(s). ABCD Promoter Brain specific gene ABC F Promoter Liver specific gene C Promoter Heart specific gene A CD Promoter Skin specific gene AB D Promoter Gut specific gene EF Promoter Nose specific genearrow_forward3. Figure 2 illustrates how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. a. List all the tissues shown in Figure 2 that express the Pitx1 gene. b. If a fish does not produce activator 1 proteins because of a mutation in the gene that encodes those proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? c. If a fish does not produce activator 3 proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? d. A fish inherits a mutation in the Pitx1 coding region. This is a nonsense mutation that introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a nonfunctional protein. Where would you expect Pitx1 to be expressed in this scenario?arrow_forward1. Draw a simplified model of a cis-regulatory element with multiple trans-acting factors up-regulating gene expression. Your simplified model must include: a double-stranded DNA molecule labeled with its appropriate orientation (3' and 5', etc.), an area of DNA highlighting the gene of interest to be transcribed, a highlighted area showing the promoter region, one cis-regulatory element upstream of the promoter with its specific transcription factor • RNApol + a general transcription factor + a TATA binding protein all bound to the appropriate area (think about where these bind before transcription starts), an upstream enhancer with its transcription factor bound to it, • and finally the TSS. All parts must be labeled and in the correct area to earn full credit. **I suggest using different colors for this drawing problem**.arrow_forward
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