Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 6R
Summary Introduction
To review:
How the Shiga toxin enters a human cell and inhibits protein synthesis.
Concept introduction:
Microorganisms that have the ability to cause infectious diseases are called as pathogens. Illness in an individual is caused either by disturbing the normal
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For a bacterial exotoxin with a typical A-B type toxin structure, removal of the A portion of the toxin would result in which of the following?
The B portion remaining would still be able to bind to the target cell, but would not have toxic effects
The remaining B portion would enter the cell and carry out its toxic activity, such as ADP-ribosylation
The remaining B portion would cause inhibition of protein synthesis
Nothing would happen because the A portion is responsible for binding to the target cell.
The remaining B portion would still induce cell lysis
Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please
The presence of bacteroidetes in the human body is always good since they aid in breaking down large food particles.
Select one:
True
False
Compare exotoxin from endotoxin based on the following features
FEATURE
EXOTOXIN
ENDOTOXIN
Relation to cell
Toxicity
Stability
Antigenicity
Conversion to toxoid
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 15 - Compare pathogenicity with virulence.Ch. 15 - How are capsules and cell wall components related...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3RCh. 15 - Explain how drugs that bind each of the following...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5RCh. 15 - Prob. 6RCh. 15 - Prob. 7RCh. 15 - Which of the following genera is the most...Ch. 15 - How can viruses and protozoa avoid being killed by...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 15 - The removal of plasmids reduces virulence in which...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 15 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 15 - All of the following can occur during bacterial...Ch. 15 - The ID50 for Campylobacter sp. is 500 cells; the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 15 - A drug that binds to mannose on human cells would...Ch. 15 - The earliest smallpox vaccines were infected...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is true? a. The...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1ACh. 15 - Prob. 3ACh. 15 - How do each of the following strategies contribute...Ch. 15 - On July 8, a woman was given an antibiotic for...Ch. 15 - Explain whether each of the following examples is...Ch. 15 - Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are...
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- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?arrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.arrow_forwardPlease Help Me to understand because I just dont understand.arrow_forward
- O t of Match the type of pathogen with the correct description. Prions Virus Protozoans Bacteria and parasitic worms Choose... Choose... Can be treated with drugs that prevent it from synthesizing proteins Misfolded version of a harmless protein that will cause host cells to produce misshapen proteins May cause damage by releasing a toxin into the bloodstream Can only replicate when it is inside of a host cell Choose... Fiarrow_forwardDescribe the events that take place at the replication fork during replication of DNA of Escherichiacoli.arrow_forwardFill in the data table below about papilloma birusesarrow_forward
- The most pathological effects of E. histolytica is * Tissue destruction by protolytic enzyms Proliferate inside the macrophages intracellularly Attached on the epithelial cell of the small intestinearrow_forwardDo answer quicklyarrow_forwardFIGURE 4. The human protein known as PCNA [proliferating cell nuclear antigen] interacts with the SARS-COV-2 protein M [matrix], one of the molecules that make up the virus's membrane and give it shape. The discovery itself shows one of the ways the pathogen manipulates cell function for its life cycle to proceed. The researcher used what methods to generate the image below.arrow_forward
- Explain why zoonotic diseases are often severe in humans.arrow_forwardThe following statement(s) is/are .6 * correct about bacteriophages exiting 1 E) Virions of bacteriophages exit by lysing bacterial cells Bacteriophages may break down cell wall's peptidoglycan by producing enzymes Bacteriophages may inhibit host enzymes with roles in cell wall synthesis Bacteriophages lyse bacterial cells by covering their virions with cell membranes a, b, and c a, and barrow_forwardIN general encapsulated strains of Streptoccus pneumoiae are more virulent thatn nonencapsulated strains. This is most likely because the encapsulated strains ? Contain antibiotic degrading enzymes produce higher levels of exotoxins are better able to evade the host defenses replicate much more rapidly contain higher levels of nucleasesarrow_forward
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