Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 18CYR
True or false: Hair cells in the spiral organ will depolarize or hyperpolarize, depending on the direction in which the stereocilia are bent.
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True or false: Hair cells in the spiral organ will depolarize or hyperpolarize, depending on the direction in which the stereocilia are bent
nonM-nonP type (K-type) retinal ganglion cells typically have:
large receptive fields and motion sensitivity
small receptive fields and color-opponency
small receptive fields and motion sensitivity
small receptive field without color-opponency
Retinal ganglion cells fire at a variety of rates depending on characteristics of the visual stimulus.
Select one:
True
False
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 15.1 - Compare and contrast the general and special...Ch. 15.1 -
2. Which structural type of nerve (spinal,...Ch. 15.2 - 1. Where is the olfactory epithelium located?
Ch. 15.2 - 2. What types of cells make up the olfactory...Ch. 15.2 - Describe the structure of an olfactory neuron.Ch. 15.2 - What happens in an olfactory neuron when an...Ch. 15.2 - How can humans detect such a variety of odors with...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 15.3 - Where are taste buds located?Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2QC
Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 15.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 15.3 - 6. Which cranial nerves transmit taste sensation...Ch. 15.3 - 7. Which part of the brain is responsible for...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 15.4 - Trace the path of tears as they travel from the...Ch. 15.4 - 3. Which two extrinsic eye muscles move the eye...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.4 - 5. What are the functions of each component of...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 15.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 15.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 15.5 - What is accommodation?Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.5 - 5. What is the near point of accommodation, and...Ch. 15.5 - How are rods different from cones?Ch. 15.5 - Why are photoreceptors depolarized in the dark?Ch. 15.5 - How do rods hyperpolarize when light strikes them?...Ch. 15.5 - 10. What happens at the optic chiasma? What is...Ch. 15.5 - 11. What type of visual processing occurs in the...Ch. 15.6 - 1. What is the auricle?
Ch. 15.6 - What is the purpose of cerumen?Ch. 15.6 - 3. Where is the tympanic membrane located?
Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.6 - What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube?Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 6QCCh. 15.6 - What are the functions of the utricle, saccule,...Ch. 15.6 - How are the scala tympani, scala media, and scala...Ch. 15.6 - 8. What is the spiral organ, and where is it...Ch. 15.7 - 1. What physical properties determine the pitch...Ch. 15.7 - 2. What is the range (in hertz) of human...Ch. 15.7 - 3. Why is the force exerted on the oval window...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 6QCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 7QCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 8QCCh. 15.8 - How do static and dynamic equilibrium differ?Ch. 15.8 - 2. What role do the utricle and saccule play in...Ch. 15.8 - What role do they play in dynamic equilibrium?Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 4QCCh. 15.8 - 5. What are the three primary areas of the...Ch. 15 - Match the cell type with the correct stimulus....Ch. 15 - 2. The axons of the olfactory nerve terminate in...Ch. 15 - 3. Fill in the blanks: In an olfactory neuron, the...Ch. 15 - The primary olfactory cortex is located in the: a....Ch. 15 - 5. Which of the following statements is true...Ch. 15 - Match the taste with the chemical substance that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 15 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 15 - 9. Which cells in the retina are depolarized in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 15 - Each of the following statements is false. Correct...Ch. 15 - The axons from the nasal retina in the left eye...Ch. 15 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 15 - Explain how sounds of different frequencies are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 15 - Prob. 16CYRCh. 15 - Prob. 17CYRCh. 15 - 18. True or false: Hair cells in the spiral organ...Ch. 15 - 19. Which of the following is not part of the...Ch. 15 - 20. Fill in the blanks: In the ampulla of a...Ch. 15 - Stimuli from the inner ear regarding head movement...Ch. 15 - 1. Explain what would happen to your sense of...Ch. 15 - In which direction would you be unable to move...Ch. 15 - If a patient suffers visual impairment only in one...Ch. 15 - 4. Following a stroke, a patient lost vision in...Ch. 15 - When standing with your eyes closed, why do you...Ch. 15 - Why do you have the sensation that you are still...Ch. 15 - 1. Mr. Spencer suffers loss of taste sensation....Ch. 15 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 15 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 15 - Mrs. Flores is a 45-year-old female who suffered a...Ch. 15 - 6. Your 60-year-old patient, Mr. Guster, has...
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- Larry goes to the doctor complaining that he cant see the right side of the visual field with either eye. Where in the visual signal-processing pathway is Larrys problem occurring?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forwardWhen waves push the basilar membrane up and down, the stereocilia move back and forth, opening up ion channels, allowing this ion to move into the hair cells and depolarizing the membrane. O CF O K* Na+ O H* O Ca* Ca+arrow_forward
- True or False: In visual receptive fields, light falling in the center always has the opposite effect on activity of the cell than light falling in the surround.arrow_forwardLinear acceleration, such as the forward movement of being in a car, will result in Depolarization or hyperpolarization of hair cells within the utricle and saccule. Tonic release of neurotransmitters in the cochlea. Depolarization of hair cells within the semicircular canals. two of the above are correctarrow_forwardThe discharge rate of an off-center ganglion cell: is not an absolute measure of light intensity does not depend on the background level of illumination O is highest when receptive field is in complete darkness O is the same for center-only and center-plus-surround illumination Which of the following terms are most suitably matched? Pitch, waveform Loudness, amplitude Frequency, pressure Tonotopy, phasearrow_forward
- Hair cells of the cristae are stimulated by :-a- bending of their stereocilia toward any directionb- movement of endolymph in any directionc- bending of stereocilia toward kinociliumd- bending of stereocilia away from kinociliumarrow_forwarda) Based upon how the neural membrane functions, briefly explain how electrical stimulation can cause a neuron to generate an action potential. Describe in one sentence a type of action potential that can be generated by electrical stimulation, but that cannot be generated by synaptic inputs. b) The central part of the retina consists largely of cones, which are responsible for colour vision in normal sight. However, presently available retinal prostheses are not able to reliably provide a perception of colour for people implanted with these devices. Explain why people with a retinal prosthesis are currently unable to reliably perceive colour.arrow_forwardfor the rotational movement, do you mean that when I tilt my head to the right, the hair cells in my right cupula will be depolarized, and the hair cells on my left cupula will be hyperpolarized? I understand the concept that when stereocilia beats toward the kinocilia, the tiplings will open and cause K and Ca to enter the cell. But I'm so confused on how to know what movements exactly make the stereocilia beat toward the kinocilia and not against it?arrow_forward
- The inner nuclear layer of the retina contains the more variety of cell bodies, which includes all of the following types, EXCEPT: horizontal midget bipolar amacrine M ganglionarrow_forwardA scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell. Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell. When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially. In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'. ‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)? A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membranearrow_forwardSome cities hang their traffic lights from left to right, rather than from top to bottom. Explain why this might cause a problem for a driver with red-green perception deficiency.arrow_forward
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