(a) Interpretation: The relationship between the products of 1 , 2 − and 1 , 4 − addition in the reaction, ( E ) − H 2 C = CH − CH = CH − CH 3 + HCl → is to be stated. Concept introduction: Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products- 1 , 2 − addition and 1 , 4 − addition products. The addition product 1 , 2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1 , 4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1 , 4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

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1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Potential Energy (kJ) 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800 (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt(s) → 2Cl (g) + Pt(s) (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ Ea = 2240 kJ (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ AH=-950 kJ ΔΗ = 575 ΚΙ AH=-825 kJ a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ Reaction Progress b. What is the overall chemical equation? c. What is the overall change in enthalpy for the above chemical reaction? d. What is the overall amount of activation energy for the above chemical reaction? e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why? f. If you were to add 2700kJ of energy to the reaction (e.g. 2700 kl of heat or electricity), would you be able to make the reaction reverse itself (i.e. have…

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.66AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + HCl→ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The change in the relationship between the products of 1,2− and 1,4− addition in the reaction, (E)−H2C=CH−CH=CH−CH3 + DCl→ by using DCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Conjugated dienes give two types of addition products-1,2− addition and 1,4− addition products. The addition product 1,2 indicates the addition of hydrogen halide at adjacent carbon and also, it is the major product. The addition product 1,4 indicates the addition of hydrogen halides to carbons that have a 1,4 relationship and also, it is the minor product.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product that is obtained by the reaction of (E)−penta−1,3−diene and DCl which is kinetically controlled is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The reduction of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a hydride like LiAlH4 and NaBH4 forms the corresponding alcohol. The reduction of an aldehyde forms a primary alcohol and the reduction of a ketone forms a secondary alcohol.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.6P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.7P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the relationship between the products of 1,2- and ,1,4- addition in the reaction.

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Chapter 15 Solutions