Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of the given compound (2,3-dimethyloctane) has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
The structure of the compound is given by its systematic name.
To give the structure from the name of the compound, the root name has to be identified. The root name indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
Then the functional group (suffix) has to be identified. It indicates whether any
The prefix of the name indicates the branched groups and their positions on the carbon chain.
The name of the compound is in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of the given compound (1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane) has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
The structure of the compound is given by its systematic name.
To give the structure from the name of the compound, the root name has to be identified. The root name indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
Then the functional group (suffix) has to be identified. It indicates whether any functional groups are present in the compound, it also gives whether the compound is an alkane or alkene or alkyne.
The prefix of the name indicates the branched groups and their positions on the carbon chain.
The name of the compound is in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
(c)
Interpretation:
The name of the given compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The hydrocarbons which contains only single bonds are said to be Alkanes. The general formula for alkanes can be given as
The Alkanes are named following some rules:
- The name of the alkane is given by the number of carbon atoms present in the chain. It is said to be Root of the alkane.
Root = number of carbon atoms in chain.
- To name the root, for one carbon atom, the root name use is meth-. For two carbon atoms, the root name is eth-, for three carbon atoms, it is prop-, for four carbon atoms, it is but-, for five carbon atoms, it is pent- and so on.
- The root name is followed by Suffix. Suffix indicates the functional group present in the compound. It is placed after the root name.
Suffix = name of the functional group present in the compound.
- The root name also contains Prefix. Prefix is the groups attached to the root. It indicates the branched carbon atoms on the root chain and name according to the root specifying the carbon number on which it is placed. It contains –yl in name end. The prefix is placed before the root name.
Prefix = name of the branched carbon atoms on chain.
- The name of the alkane is given in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
(d)
Interpretation:
The name of the given compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The hydrocarbons which contains only single bonds are said to be Alkanes. The general formula for alkanes can be given as
The Alkanes are named following some rules:
- The name of the alkane is given by the number of carbon atoms present in the chain. It is said to be Root of the alkane.
Root = number of carbon atoms in chain.
- To name the root, for one carbon atom, the root name use is meth-. For two carbon atoms, the root name is eth-, for three carbon atoms, it is prop-, for four carbon atoms, it is but-, for five carbon atoms, it is pent- and so on.
- The root name is followed by Suffix. Suffix indicates the functional group present in the compound. It is placed after the root name.
Suffix = name of the functional group present in the compound.
- The root name also contains Prefix. Prefix is the groups attached to the root. It indicates the branched carbon atoms on the root chain and name according to the root specifying the carbon number on which it is placed. It contains –yl in name end. The prefix is placed before the root name.
Prefix = name of the branched carbon atoms on chain.
- The name of the alkane is given in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix

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Chapter 15 Solutions
CHEMISTRY MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTER
- Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. ○ O 1. H₂O, pyridine 2. neutralizing work-up a N W X 人 Parrow_forward✓ Check the box under each molecule that has a total of five ẞ hydrogens. If none of the molecules fit this description, check the box underneath the table. tab OH CI 0 Br xx Br None of these molecules have a total of five ẞ hydrogens. esc Explanation Check caps lock shift 1 fn control 02 F2 W Q A N #3 S 80 F3 E $ t 01 205 % 5 F5 & 7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility FT * 8 R T Y U כ F6 9 FIG F11 F D G H J K L C X V B < N M H option command P H + F12 commandarrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the carboxylic acid side product. O 1. CHзMgBr (excess) 2. H₂O ✓ W X 人arrow_forward
- If cyclopentyl acetaldehyde reacts with NaOH, state the product (formula).arrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. N S S HgCl2, H2SO4 く 8 W X Parrow_forwardtab esc く Drawing the After running various experiments, you determine that the mechanism for the following reaction occurs in a step-wise fashion. Br + OH + Using this information, draw the correct mechanism in the space below. 1 Explanation Check F2 F1 @2 Q W A os lock control option T S # 3 80 F3 Br $ 4 0105 % OH2 + Br Add/Remove step X C F5 F6 6 R E T Y 29 & 7 F D G H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce A F7 DII F8 C Ո 8 * 9 4 F10 F C J K L C V Z X B N M H command P ge Coarrow_forward
- Indicate compound A that must react with ethylbenzene to obtain 4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. 3-bromo-4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.arrow_forwardPart 1 of 2 Draw the structure of A, the minor E1 product of the reaction. esc I Skip Part Check H₂O, D 2 A + Click and drag to start drawing a structure. -0- F1 F2 1 2 # 3 Q A 80 F3 W E S D F4 $ 4 % 5 F5 ㅇ F6 R T Y F G X 5 & 7 + Save 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. DII F7 F8 H * C 80 J Z X C V B N 4 F9 6arrow_forwardFile Preview The following is a total synthesis of the pheromone of the western pine beetle. Such syntheses are interesting both because of the organic chemistry, and because of the possibility of using species specific insecticides, rather than broad band insecticides. Provide the reagents for each step. There is some chemistry from our most recent chapter in this synthesis, but other steps are review from earlier chapters. (8 points) COOEt COOEt A C COOEt COOEt COOH B OH OTS CN D E See the last homework set F for assistance on this one. H+, H₂O G OH OH The last step is just nucleophilic addition reactions, taking the ketone to an acetal, intramolecularly. But it is hard to visualize the three dimensional shape as it occurs. Frontalin, pheromone of the western pine beetlearrow_forward
- For the reaction below: 1. Draw all reasonable elimination products to the right of the arrow. 2. In the box below the reaction, redraw any product you expect to be a major product. C Major Product: Check + ◎ + X ง © Cl I F2 80 F3 I σ F4 I F5 NaOH Click and drawing F6 A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights E F7 F8 $ # % & 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q W E R T Y U A S D F G H Jarrow_forwardCan I please get help with this graph. If you can show exactly where it needs to pass through.arrow_forwardN Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. D 1. H₂O, pyridine 2. neutralizing work-up V P W X DE CO e C Larrow_forward
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