The bands in Figure 15-22 that correspond to the aldehyde C-H stretch are to be identified. Concept introduction: All C-H stretches appear between 27 00 and, 3300 cm -1 . Within that range, however, the location of the C-H absorption band is often characteristic of a particular compound class: Alkyne C-H , ∼ 33 00 cm − 1 (moderate intensity). Alkene C-H , between 3 000 , and 31 00 cm − 1 (variable intensity). Aromatic C-H , 3000–3100 cm -1 (variable intensity). Alkane C-H , 2800–3000 cm -1 (variable intensity). Aldehyde C-H , two peaks: ∼ 272 0 and ∼ 282 0 cm − 1 (moderate intensity). The presence or absence of one of these absorptions can help us narrow our choices of compounds when another region of the spectrum is difficult to interpret unambiguously.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.18YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bands in Figure 15-22 that correspond to the aldehyde C-H stretch are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

All C-H stretches appear between 2700 and, 3300 cm-1. Within that range, however, the location of the C-H absorption band is often characteristic of a particular compound class: Alkyne C-H, ∼3300 cm−1 (moderate intensity). Alkene C-H, between 3000, and 3100 cm−1 (variable intensity). Aromatic C-H, 3000–3100 cm-1 (variable intensity). Alkane C-H, 2800–3000 cm-1 (variable intensity). Aldehyde C-H, two peaks: ∼2720 and ∼2820 cm−1 (moderate intensity). The presence or absence of one of these absorptions can help us narrow our choices of compounds when another region of the spectrum is difficult to interpret unambiguously.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.18YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bands in Figure 15-22 that correspond to the aldehyde C-H stretch are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

All C-H stretches appear between 2700 and, 3300 cm-1. Within that range, however, the location of the C-H absorption band is often characteristic of a particular compound class: Alkyne C-H, ∼3300 cm−1 (moderate intensity). Alkene C-H, between 3000, and 3100 cm−1 (variable intensity). Aromatic C-H, 3000–3100 cm-1 (variable intensity). Alkane C-H, 2800–3000 cm-1 (variable intensity). Aldehyde C-H, two peaks: ∼2720 and ∼2820 cm−1 (moderate intensity). The presence or absence of one of these absorptions can help us narrow our choices of compounds when another region of the spectrum is difficult to interpret unambiguously.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.18YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bands in Figure 15-22 that correspond to the aldehyde C-H stretch are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

All C-H stretches appear between 2700 and, 3300 cm-1. Within that range, however, the location of the C-H absorption band is often characteristic of a particular compound class: Alkyne C-H, ∼3300 cm−1 (moderate intensity). Alkene C-H, between 3000, and 3100 cm−1 (variable intensity). Aromatic C-H, 3000–3100 cm-1 (variable intensity). Alkane C-H, 2800–3000 cm-1 (variable intensity). Aldehyde C-H, two peaks: ∼2720 and ∼2820 cm−1 (moderate intensity). The presence or absence of one of these absorptions can help us narrow our choices of compounds when another region of the spectrum is difficult to interpret unambiguously.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.18YT

Interpretation Introduction