Chapter 15, Problem 12QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentration of ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ ions in equilibrium with given molarity of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ ions needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The equilibrium equation and ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$ expression is used to calculate the concentration of ion of the given salt. The equilibrium equation of any salt represents the solid salt with the component ions as the product in their aqueous state. The solubility of any salt can be expressed in terms of solubility product.

To write the expression of solubility product, one must remember that the solid does not appear in the expression and the concentration of each ion is raised to a power equal to its coefficient in the chemical equation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The concentration of ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in equilibrium with given molarity of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ ions needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The equilibrium equation and ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$ expression is used to calculate the concentration of ion of the given salt. The equilibrium equation of any salt represents the solid salt with the component ions as the product in their aqueous state. The solubility of any salt can be expressed in terms of solubility product.

To write the expression of solubility product, one must remember that the solid does not appear in the expression and the concentration of each ion is raised to a power equal to its coefficient in the chemical equation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The concentration of ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$ ions in equilibrium with given molarity of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ ions needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The equilibrium equation and ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$ expression is used to calculate the concentration of ion of the given salt. The equilibrium equation of any salt represents the solid salt with the component ions as the product in their aqueous state. The solubility of any salt can be expressed in terms of solubility product.

To write the expression of solubility product, one must remember that the solid does not appear in the expression and the concentration of each ion is raised to a power equal to its coefficient in the chemical equation.