Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14.17, Problem 1CR
What are the major differences in the conservation of energy by methanogens that only use H2 + CO2 versus those that can use methyl compounds?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations?
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 12H2S C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O
Predict the major product of each of the following reactions or series of reactions. In cases involving an ortho/para-directing substituent where two products would be obtained, draw the product resulting from para-substitution only..
Under anoxic conditions, biological denitrification of waste water by activated sludge results in the
conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Sludge is microorganisms, and these microorganisms carry out
this reaction, this is a biological reaction. When acetic acid provides the carbon source, the reaction
can be represented as follows:
5CH3COOH + 8NO3 → 4N2+ 10CO2 + 6H20 + 8HO
Acetic acid
Nitrate
a) Is the stoichiometric equation balanced? write down the number of atoms of each species on left
side and also on the right side of this equation.
b) In the absence of side reactions, what is the yield of nitrogen from acetic acid in g g1?
c) A certain waste water contains 6.0 mM acetic acid and 7mM NaNO3. If 25% of the acetic acid and
15% of the nitrate (NO3) are consumed in other reactions (e.g, for growth of the microorganisms in
the sludge), which is the limiting substrate in the denitrification reaction?
d) For the situation described in part c), what mass of gaseous nitrogen (N2) in…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 14.1 - What is the purpose of chlorophyll and...Ch. 14.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 14.1 - What are the functions of light-harvesting and...Ch. 14.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 14.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 14.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 14.2 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 14.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...
Ch. 14.3 - What is the difference between cyclic and...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron transport and why is it...Ch. 14.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...Ch. 14.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 14.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 14.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 14.5 - QWhat is a carboxysome, and what is its role in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.6 - What is FeMo-co and what does it do?Ch. 14.6 - How is acetylene useful in studies of nitrogen...Ch. 14.6 - How might the ability to fix nitrogen help a...Ch. 14.7 - In a coupled reaction, how can you tell the...Ch. 14.7 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 14.7 - Describe the major differences between...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.8 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 14.8 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 14.8 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.9 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.10 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 14.10 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 14.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.12 - What are the electron donor and acceptor in the...Ch. 14.12 - What does electron transport in anammox bacteria...Ch. 14.12 - Compare CO2 fixation in anammox bacteria and...Ch. 14.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.13 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 14.13 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 14.13 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 14.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.14 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 14.14 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 14.14 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 14.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.15 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 14.15 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 14.15 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 14.16 - What is the purpose of CO dehydrogenase?Ch. 14.16 - If acetogens conserve energy using the Rnf...Ch. 14.16 - What is electron bifurcation and what role does it...Ch. 14.16 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 14.17 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 14.17 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 14.17 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 14.17 - What are the major differences in the conservation...Ch. 14.18 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 14.18 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 14.18 - What is unique about methanotrophy in...Ch. 14.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.19 - Why is H2 produced during many types of...Ch. 14.19 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 14.19 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 14.20 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 14.20 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 14.20 - QWhat are the major fermentation products of...Ch. 14.21 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 14.21 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 14.21 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 14.21 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.22 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 14.22 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 14.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.22 - Give an example of a fermentation that does not...Ch. 14.23 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 14.23 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 14.23 - Why is syntrophy also called interspecies H2...Ch. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 14.24 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 14.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 14.25 - What is the benzoyl-CoA pathway, and how might it...Ch. 14.25 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 14.25 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AQCh. 14 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 14 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How many liters of CO2 can be generated from the fermentation process involving 200.5 g C6H12O6 ? The process has been done in a room with a temperature of 28 degrees celcius and a pressure of 1.02 atm. C6H12O6(aq) -> 2C2H5OH(l) + 2CO2 (g)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are False?arrow_forwardWhat is the electron transfer of C6H12O6+O2=CO2+H2O?arrow_forward
- What is reverse electron flow and why is it necessary? Whichphototrophs need to use reverse electron flow?arrow_forwardWhich of the following intermediates of the TCA cycle has 5 carbons? (Hint: You don't need to have memorized specific structures for this question, just recall what molecules the TCA cycle starts with and where in the cycle carbons are lost as CO2 ). a) Fumarate b) None of the above c) Succinyl CoA d) Citrate e) Oxaloacetatearrow_forwardThe photosynthetic process, used by the chloroplasts of green plants and green algae, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2Oarrow_forward
- Use the multiple choice questions to identify what components of the redox loop would have to be in each numbered box for this organism to be able to produce ATP using this system. Do not worry about stoichiometry. a) What should be in box 1? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ b) What should be in box 2? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ c) What should be in box 3? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ d) What should be in box 4? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ e) What should be in box 5? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ f) What should be in box 6? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ g) What should be in box 7? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ h) What should be in box 8? MQ MQH2 Electron H+ i) Which boxes in the diagram directly result in increasing the pH gradient? (select all that apply) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8arrow_forwardFumaric acid, H2C;H;O4, is a diprotic acid (K,1 = 9.3 x 104, Ka2 = 3. i x 10). Physiologically, it is an intermediate in the Krebs Cycle which produces energy by the oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide. Ifblood is buffered at 7.4, which statement is TRUE? The dominant species is H;CaH;O4 The dominant species is HC4H:04 The dominant species is Call:0. There are comparable amounts of H:C4H2O4 and HC4H2O4 There are comparable amounts olHCH:O, and CAH:0arrow_forwardHow many water molecules are used for one complete turn of krebs cycle?arrow_forward
- Describe the effect of photooxidation on the redox reactions summarized in the Z-scheme.arrow_forwardIdentify the oxidizing agent in the following REDOX reaction? CI2 + NaBr --> NaCI + Br2 A) NaCI B) NaBr C) CI2 D) Br2arrow_forwardName the components of the hexose-monophosphate pathway that detoxify peroxide and the process that accomplishes detoxification.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Metabolic Pathways; Author: Wisc-Online;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m61bQYio9ys;License: Standard Youtube License