Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 47RE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The way human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gains access into the cells it attacks is to be discussed.
Concept introduction:
HIV is a dangerous retrovirus that is responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
It is a single-stranded RNA virus that has different proteins that are arranged around it. The protein cover surrounds the assemblage of RNA and protein, which makes it like a truncated cone.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1RECh. 14 - Prob. 2RECh. 14 - Prob. 3RECh. 14 - Prob. 4RECh. 14 - Prob. 5RECh. 14 - Prob. 6RECh. 14 - Prob. 7RECh. 14 - REFLECT AND APPLY Some viruses can undergo lysis...Ch. 14 - REFLECT AND APPLY What might be the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10RE
Ch. 14 - Prob. 11RECh. 14 - Prob. 12RECh. 14 - Prob. 13RECh. 14 - Prob. 14RECh. 14 - Prob. 15RECh. 14 - Prob. 16RECh. 14 - Prob. 17RECh. 14 - Prob. 18RECh. 14 - Prob. 19RECh. 14 - RECALL What is innate immunity? What is acquired...Ch. 14 - RECALL What are the components of innate immunity?Ch. 14 - Prob. 22RECh. 14 - Prob. 23RECh. 14 - RECALL What is clonal selection?Ch. 14 - Prob. 25RECh. 14 - Prob. 26RECh. 14 - Prob. 27RECh. 14 - Prob. 28RECh. 14 - Prob. 29RECh. 14 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Explain the mode of action...Ch. 14 - Prob. 31RECh. 14 - Prob. 32RECh. 14 - Prob. 33RECh. 14 - Prob. 34RECh. 14 - Prob. 35RECh. 14 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it inaccurate to say,...Ch. 14 - REFLECT AND APPLY Describe the difference between...Ch. 14 - Prob. 38RECh. 14 - Prob. 39RECh. 14 - Prob. 40RECh. 14 - Prob. 41RECh. 14 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Describe the positive and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 43RECh. 14 - Prob. 44RECh. 14 - Prob. 45RECh. 14 - Prob. 46RECh. 14 - Prob. 47RECh. 14 - Prob. 48RECh. 14 - Prob. 49RECh. 14 - Prob. 50RECh. 14 - Prob. 51RECh. 14 - Prob. 52RECh. 14 - Prob. 53RECh. 14 - Prob. 54RE
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- 2. Which one of the following alkenes undergoes the least exothermic hydrogenation upon treatment with H₂/Pd? A B C D Earrow_forward6. What is the IUPAC name of the following compound? A) (Z)-3,5,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptadiene B) (E)-2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-heptadiene C) (E)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene D) (Z)-5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene E) (Z)-2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-heptadienearrow_forwardConsider the reaction shown. CH2OH Ex. CH2 -OH CH2- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The standard free-energy change (AG) for this reaction is 7.53 kJ mol-¹. Calculate the free-energy change (AG) for this reaction at 298 K when [dihydroxyacetone phosphate] = 0.100 M and [glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate] = 0.00300 M. AG= kJ mol-1arrow_forward
- If the pH of gastric juice is 1.6, what is the amount of energy (AG) required for the transport of hydrogen ions from a cell (internal pH of 7.4) into the stomach lumen? Assume that the membrane potential across this membrane is -70.0 mV and the temperature is 37 °C. AG= kJ mol-1arrow_forwardConsider the fatty acid structure shown. Which of the designations are accurate for this fatty acid? 17:2 (48.11) 18:2(A9.12) cis, cis-A8, A¹¹-octadecadienoate w-6 fatty acid 18:2(A6,9)arrow_forwardClassify the monosaccharides. H-C-OH H. H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-erythrose D-ribose D-glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone CH₂OH CH₂OH C=O Answer Bank CH₂OH C=0 HO C-H C=O H-C-OH H-C-OH pentose hexose tetrose H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH aldose triose ketose CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-erythrulose D-ribulose D-fructosearrow_forward
- Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrophobic tails. Draw the line-bond structure of cis-A9-hexadecenoate. Clearly show the cis-trans stereochemistry.arrow_forwardThe formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate is an ATP-driven reaction: Acetate + ATP + COA Acetyl CoA+AMP+ PP Calculate AG for this reaction given that the AG for the hydrolysis of acetyl CoA to acetate and CoA is -31.4 kJ mol-1 (-7.5 kcal mol-¹) and that the AG for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PP; is -45.6 kJ mol-1 (-10.9 kcal mol-¹). AG reaction kJ mol-1 The PP, formed in the preceding reaction is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo because of the ubiquity of inorganic pyrophosphatase. The AG for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PP.) is -19.2 KJ mol-¹ (-4.665 kcal mol-¹). Calculate the AG° for the overall reaction, including pyrophosphate hydrolysis. AGO reaction with PP, hydrolysis = What effect does the presence of pyrophosphatase have on the formation of acetyl CoA? It does not affect the overall reaction. It makes the overall reaction even more endergonic. It brings the overall reaction closer to equilibrium. It makes the overall reaction even more exergonic. kJ mol-1arrow_forwardConsider the Haworth projections of ẞ-L-galactose and ẞ-L-glucose shown here. OH CH₂OH OH CH₂OH OH OH OH ОН OH он B-L-galactose B-L-glucose Which terms describe the relationship between these two sugars? epimers enantiomers anomers diastereomersarrow_forward
- Classify each characteristic as describing anabolism or catabolism. Anabolism Answer Bank Catabolism transforms fuels into cellular energy, such as ATP or ion gradients uses NADPH as the electron carrier synthesizes macromolecules requires energy inputs, such as ATP uses NAD+ as the electron carrier breaks down macromoleculesarrow_forwardThe table lists the standard free energies (AG") of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds. Compound kJ mol-1 kcal mol-1 Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) -61.9 -14.8 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) -49.4 -11.8 Creatine phosphate -43.1 -10.3 ATP (to ADP) -30.5 -7.3 Glucose 1-phosphate -20.9 -5.0 Pyrophosphate (PP) -19.3 -4.6 Glucose 6-phosphate -13.8 -3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate -9.2 -2.2 What is the direction of each of the reactions shown when the reactants are initially present in equimolar amounts? (a) ATP + H2O ADP + P (b) ATP + glycerol glycerol 3-phosphate + ADParrow_forwardCharacterize each term or phrase as pertaining to simple or facilitated diffusion. Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Answer Bank requires an input of free energy lipophilic molecules directly through membrane via channels polar molecules Na+arrow_forward
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