Programmable Logic Controllers
Programmable Logic Controllers
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073373843
Author: Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 36RQ
Program Plan Intro

Data transmission:

  • Data transmission is defined as the method of moving data between two or more devices.
  • The transmitted data can be either in analog form or digital form.
  • The two different methods used to transmit data are as follows:
    • Serial transmission
      • In serial data transmission, each bit of binary data is transmitted at a time sequentially.
    • Parallel transmission
      • In parallel data transmission, all bits of binary data are transmitted at the same time simultaneously.

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2. Signed Integers Unsigned binary numbers work for natural numbers, but many calculations use negative numbers as well. To deal with this, a number of different methods have been used to represent signed numbers, but we will focus on two's complement, as it is the standard solution for representing signed integers. 2.1 Two's complement • Most significant bit has a negative value, all others are positive. So, the value of an n-digit -2 two's complement number can be written as: Σ2 2¹ di 2n-1 dn • Otherwise exactly the same as unsigned integers. i=0 - • A neat trick for flipping the sign of a two's complement number: flip all the bits (0 becomes 1, or 1 becomes 0) and then add 1 to the least significant bit. • Addition is exactly the same as with an unsigned number. 2.2 Exercises For questions 1-3, answer each one for the case of a two's complement number and an unsigned number, indicating if it cannot be answered with a specific representation. 1. (15 pts) What is the largest integer…
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1. Unsigned Integers If we have an n-digit unsigned numeral dn-1d n-2...do in radix (or base) r, then the value of that numeral is n−1 r² di Σi=0 which is basically saying that instead of a 10's or 100's place we have an r's or r²'s place. For binary, decimal, and hex r equals 2, 10, and 16, respectively. Just a reminder that in order to write down a large number, we typically use the IEC or SI prefixing system: IEC: Ki = 210, Mi = 220, Gi = 230, Ti = 240, Pi = 250, Ei = 260, Zi = 270, Yi = 280; SI: K=103, M = 106, G = 109, T = 10¹², P = 1015, E = 10¹8, Z = 1021, Y = 1024. 1.1 Conversions a. (15 pts) Write the following using IEC prefixes: 213, 223, 251, 272, 226, 244 21323 Ki8 Ki 223 23 Mi 8 Mi b. (15 pts) Write the following using SI prefixes: 107, 10¹7, 10¹¹, 1022, 1026, 1015 107 10¹ M = 10 M = 1017102 P = 100 P c. (10 pts) Write the following with powers of 10: 7 K, 100 E, 21 G 7 K = 7*10³

Chapter 14 Solutions

Programmable Logic Controllers

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