For the following exercises, find the slope of a tangent line to a polar curve r = f ( θ ) . Let x = r cos θ = f ( θ ) cos θ and y = r sin θ = f ( θ ) sin θ , so the polar equation r = f ( θ ) is now written in parametric form. 235. Use the de?nition of the derivative d y d x = d y / d θ d x / d θ and the product rule to derive the derivative of a polar equation.
For the following exercises, find the slope of a tangent line to a polar curve r = f ( θ ) . Let x = r cos θ = f ( θ ) cos θ and y = r sin θ = f ( θ ) sin θ , so the polar equation r = f ( θ ) is now written in parametric form. 235. Use the de?nition of the derivative d y d x = d y / d θ d x / d θ and the product rule to derive the derivative of a polar equation.
For the following exercises, find the slope of a tangent line to a polar curve
r
=
f
(
θ
)
. Let
x
=
r
cos
θ
=
f
(
θ
)
cos
θ
and
y
=
r
sin
θ
=
f
(
θ
)
sin
θ
, so the polar equation
r
=
f
(
θ
)
is now written in parametric form.
235. Use the de?nition of the derivative
d
y
d
x
=
d
y
/
d
θ
d
x
/
d
θ
and the product rule to derive the derivative of a polar equation.
Velocity of a Ball Thrown into the Air The position function of an object moving along a straight line is given by s = f(t). The average velocity of
the object over the time interval [a, b] is the average rate of change of f over [a, b]; its (instantaneous) velocity at t = a is the rate of change of f at a.
A ball is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 128 ft/sec, so that its height (in feet) after t sec is given by s = f(t) = 128t - 16t².
(a) What is the average velocity of the ball over the following time intervals?
[3,4]
[3, 3.5]
[3, 3.1]
ft/sec
ft/sec
ft/sec
(b) What is the instantaneous velocity at time t = 3?
ft/sec
(c) What is the instantaneous velocity at time t = 7?
ft/sec
Is the ball rising or falling at this time?
O rising
falling
(d) When will the ball hit the ground?
t =
sec
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