(a) Interpretation: The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined. Concept introduction: The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The concentrations of the hormones, yielding 50% of maximal binding is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Hormone that shows the highest affinity for receptor is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Relation between the binding affinity of the hormone-receptor complex and the ability of the hormone to enhance adenylate cyclase activity should be determined.

The mechanism of action of hormone-receptor complex is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Experiments should be determined to check whether a G_as protein is a component of signal-transduction pathways.

Concept introduction:

The first step of hormone’s signaling pathway is binding to a receptor present inside the cell or on the surface of the cell. Stability of the hormone-receptor complex is reflected by the affinity. Higher the affinity, stronger is the relation between the hormone and receptor.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the concentrations of the hormones yielding 50% of maximal binding are to be determined.

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