Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 15RQ
What is a labor union?
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Before the Civil War, the South traded with the North and with England. The South sold cotton and bought
manufactured goods and food. During the war, one of President Lincoln's first actions was a blockade of the
ports in the South to prevent this trade. The South had to increase its production of munitions and food.
Draw a point to show the South's production point prior to the Civil War. Label it 1.
Draw a point to show the South's consumption point prior to the Civil War. Label it 2.
During the war, the South's factors of production were severely depleted and its production possibilities
decreased. Draw a curve that shows the effects of the Civil War on the South's PPF. Label it PPF₁.
Draw a point to show the South's production point during the Civil War. Label it 3.
During the war, the South did not engage in trade. Draw a point to show the South's consumption point during
the Civil War. Label it 4.
100
80-
60-
Other goods and services (units)
☑
40-
20-
200
400
600
PPF
800
1000…
Suppose that a paper mill "feeds" a downstream box mill. For the downstream mill, the marginal profitability of producing boxes declines with volume.
For example, the first unit of boxes increases earnings by $10, the second by $9, the third by $8, and so on, until the tenth unit increases profit by
just $1.
The cost the upstream mill incurs for producing enough paper (one "unit" of paper) to make one unit of boxes is $3.50.
Assume the two mills operate as separate profit centers, and the paper mill sets the price of paper. It follows that the marginal profitability of boxes
represents the highest price that the box division would be willing to pay the paper division for boxes.. Furthermore, assume that fixed costs are $0
for the paper mill.
The following table summarizes the quantity, total revenue, and marginal costs from the perspective of the paper mill for selling paper to the box mill
at various prices.
In the following table, fill in the marginal revenue, total cost, and total…
Planes frequently push back from the gate on time, but then wait 2 feet away from the gate until it is time to queue up for takeoff. This increases fuel
consumption and increases the time that passengers must sit in a cramped plane awaiting takeoff. The following table shows the pay schedule for the
flight crew.
Pay
Per diem
Holding pay per hour
Flight Attendant
Captain
First Officer
$3
$3
$3
$20
$20
$20
Hourly wage (after push back)
$38
$184
$50
Per diem pay indicates how much the flight crew earns once it checks into the airport. Holding pay indicates how much the flight crew earns after it
loads the plane. Hourly wage indicates how much the flight crew earns after it pushes back from the gate and turns on the beacon.
In this scenario, who does not have an incentive to push back from the gate as early as possible? Check all that apply.
Captain
Flight attendants
Passengers
First officer
True or False: Allowing the airline to decide when to push back from the gate would reduce…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 14 - Table 14.10 shows levels of employment (Labor),...Ch. 14 - Table 14.11 shows levels of employment (Labor),...Ch. 14 - Table 14.12 shows the quantity demanded and...Ch. 14 - Do unions typically oppose new technology out of a...Ch. 14 - Compared with the share of workers in most other...Ch. 14 - Are firms with a high percentage of union...Ch. 14 - D0 countries with a higher percentage of unionized...Ch. 14 - Table 14.13 shows information from the supply...Ch. 14 - Explain i11each of the following situations how...Ch. 14 - Does the earnings gap between the average wages of...
Ch. 14 - If immigration is reduced, what is the impact on...Ch. 14 - What determines the demand for labor for a firm...Ch. 14 - What determines the demand for labor for a firm...Ch. 14 - What is a perfectly competitive labor market?Ch. 14 - What is a labor union?Ch. 14 - Why do employers have a natural advantage in...Ch. 14 - What are some of the most important laws that...Ch. 14 - How does the presence of a labor union change...Ch. 14 - What is the long-term trend in American union...Ch. 14 - Would you expect the presence of labor unions to...Ch. 14 - What are the main causes for the recent [tends in...Ch. 14 - What is a monopsony?Ch. 14 - What is the marginal cost of labor?Ch. 14 - How does monopsony affect the equilibrium wage and...Ch. 14 - What is a bilateral monopoly?Ch. 14 - How does a bilateral monopoly affect the...Ch. 14 - Describe how the earnings gap between men and...Ch. 14 - Describe how the earnings gap between blacks and...Ch. 14 - Does a gap between the average earnings of men and...Ch. 14 - Will a free market tend to encourage or discourage...Ch. 14 - What policies, when used together with...Ch. 14 - Describe how affirmative action is applied in the...Ch. 14 - What factors can explain the relatively small...Ch. 14 - Have levels of immigration to the United States...Ch. 14 - How would you expect immigration by primarily...Ch. 14 - What is the marginal cost of labor for a firm that...Ch. 14 - Given the decline in union membership over the...Ch. 14 - Are unions and technological improvements...Ch. 14 - Will union membership continue to decline? Why or...Ch. 14 - If it is not profitable to discriminate, why does...Ch. 14 - If a company has discriminated against minorities...Ch. 14 - If the United States allows a greater quantity of...Ch. 14 - If all countries eliminated all barriers to...
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