(a)
Interpretation:
The data required to determine the order of
Concept introduction:
The rate law for any reaction is written in the form as follows:
Here, R is rate of the reaction, k is rate constant
(b)
Interpretation:
The method of determining whether the reaction is zeroth order, first order or second order needs to be explained using the data.
Concept introduction:
The rate law for any reaction is written in the form as follows:
Here, R is rate of the reaction, k is rate constant
(c)
Interpretation:
The method of determining the rate constant needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The rate law for any reaction is written in the form as follows:
Here, R is rate of the reaction, k is rate constant
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LCPO CHEMISTRY W/MODIFIED MASTERING
- At 500 K in the presence of a copper surface, ethanol decomposes according to the equation C2H5OH(g)CH3CHO(g)+H2(g) The pressure of C2H5OH was measured as a function of time and the following data were obtained: Time(s) PC2H5OH(torr) 0 250. 100. 237 200. 224 300. 211 400. 198 500. 185 Since the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the concentration of gas, we can express the rate law for a gaseous reaction in terms of partial pressures. Using the above data, deduce the rate law, the integrated rate law, and the value of the rate constant, all in terms of pressure units in atm and time in seconds. Predict the pressure of C2H5OH after 900. s from the start of the reaction. (Hint: To determine the order of the reaction with respect to C2H5OH, compare how the pressure of C2H5OH decreases with each time listing.)arrow_forwardNitramide, NO2NH2, decomposes slowly in aqueous solution according to the following reaction: NO2NH2(aq) N2O(g) + H2O() The reaction follows the experimental rate law Rate=k[NO2NH2][H3O+] (a) What is the apparent order of the reaction in a pH buffered solution? (In a pH buffered solution, the concentration of H3O+ is a constant.) (b) Which of the following mechanisms is the most appropriate for the interpretation of this rate law? Explain. (Note that when writing the expression for K, the equilibrium constant, [H2O] is not involved. See Chapter 15.) Mechanism 1 NO2NH2K1N2O+H2O Mechanism 2 NO2NH2+H3O+k2k2NO2NH3++H2O(rapidequilibrium) NO2NH3+k3N2O+H3O+(rate-limitingstep) Mechanism 3 NO2NH2+H2Ok4k4NO2NH+H3O+(rapidequilibrium)NO2NHk5N2O+OH(rate-limitingstep)H3O++OHk62H2O(veryfastreaction) (c) Show the relationship between the experimentally observed rate constant, k, and the rate constants in the selected mechanism. (d) Based on the experimental rate law, will the reaction rate increase or decrease if the pH of the solution is increased?arrow_forwardThe Raschig reaction produces the industrially important reducing agent hydrazine, N2H4, from ammonia, NH3, and hypochlorite ion, OCl−, in basic aqueous solution. A proposed mechanism is Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: What is the overall stoichiometric equation? Which step is rate-limiting? What reaction intermediates are involved? What rate law is predicted by this mechanism?arrow_forward
- Ozone, O3, in the Earths upper atmosphere decomposes according to the equation 2 O3(g) 3 O2(g) The mechanism of the reaction is thought to proceed through an initial fast, reversible step followed by a slow, second step. Step 1: Fast, reversible O3(g) O2(g) + O(g) Step 2: Slow O3(g) + O(g) 2 O2(g) (a) Which of the steps is rate-determining? (b) Write the rate equation for the rate-determining steparrow_forwardWrite a rate law for NO3(g) + O2(g) NO2(g) + O3(g) if measurements show the reaction is first order in nitrogen trioxide and second order in oxygen.arrow_forwardThe following statements relate to the reaction for the formation of HI: H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g)Rate = k[H2][I2] Determine which of the following statements are true. If a statement is false, indicate why it is incorrect. (a) The reaction must occur in a single step. (b) This is a second-order reaction overall. (c) Raising the temperature will cause the value of k to decrease. (d) Raising the temperature lowers the activation energy for this reaction. (e) If the concentrations of both reactants are doubled, the rate will double. (f) Adding a catalyst in the reaction will cause the initial rate to increase.arrow_forward
- In the gas phase, the production of phosgene from chlorine and carbon monoxide is assumed to proceed by the following mechanism: Cl2k1k12ClFastEquilibriumCl+COk2k2COClFastEquilibriumCOCl+Cl2k3COCl2+ClSlow2Clk1Cl2Fast Overall reaction: CO + Cl2 COCl2 a. Write the rate law for this reaction. b. Which species are intermediates?arrow_forwardThe reaction cyclopropane propene occurs on a platinum metal surface at 200 C. (The platinum is a catalyst.) The reaction is first-order in cyclopropane. Indicate how the following quantities change (increase, decrease, or no change) as this reaction progresses, assuming constant temperature. (a) [cyclopropane] (b) [propene] (c) [catalyst] (d) the rate constant, k (e) the order of the reaction (f) the half-life of cyclopropanearrow_forwardConsider the zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate laws. If you have concentration versus time data for some species in a reaction, what plots would you make to prove a reaction is either zero, first, or second order? How would the rate constant, k, be determined from such a plot? What does the y-intercept equal in each plot? When a rate law contains the concentration of two or more species, how can plots be used to determine k and the orders of the species in the rate law?arrow_forward
- The reaction NO(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g) NOCl(g) is first-order in [Cl2] and second-order with respect to [NO]. Under a given set of conditions, the initial rate of this reaction is 620 106 mol/L s. What is the rate of this reaction if the concentration of NO is doubled and the concentration of Cl2 is reduced to half the original value? (a) 6.20 106 mol/L s (b) 124 105 mol/L s (c) 2.48 105 mol/L s (d) 4.96 105 mol/L sarrow_forwardThe decomposition of SO2Cl2 is a first-order reaction: SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g) The rate constant for the reaction is 2.8 103 min1 at 600 K. If the initial concentration of SO2Cl2 is 1.24 103 mol/L, how long will it take for the concentration to drop to 0.31 103 mol/L?arrow_forwardMost reactions occur by a series of steps. The energy profile for a certain reaction that proceeds by a two-step mechanism is On the energy profile, indicate a. the positions of reactants and products. b. the activation energy for the overall reaction. c. E for the reaction. d. Which point on the plot represents the energy of the intermediate in the two-step reaction? e. Which step in the mechanism for this reaction is rate determining, the first or the second step? Explain.arrow_forward
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