Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
(d)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the given phenol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol. If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.
Phenol derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name. The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.
Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
By considering the way the phenol is named, the structure can be drawn if the name is given.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 14 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- At 0oC and 1 atm, the viscosity of hydrogen (gas) is 8.55x10-5 P. Calculate the viscosity of a gas, if possible, consisting of deuterium. Assume that the molecular sizes are equal.arrow_forwardIndicate the correct option for the velocity distribution function of gas molecules:a) its velocity cannot be measured in any other way due to the small size of the gas moleculesb) it is only used to describe the velocity of particles if their density is very high.c) it describes the probability that a gas particle has a velocity in a given interval of velocitiesd) it describes other magnitudes, such as pressure, energy, etc., but not the velocity of the moleculesarrow_forwardIndicate the correct option for the velocity distribution function of gas molecules:a) its velocity cannot be measured in any other way due to the small size of the gas moleculesb) it is only used to describe the velocity of particles if their density is very high.c) it describes the probability that a gas particle has a velocity in a given interval of velocitiesd) it describes other magnitudes, such as pressure, energy, etc., but not the velocity of the moleculesarrow_forward
- The number of imaginary replicas of a system of N particlesA) can never become infiniteB) can become infiniteC) cannot be greater than Avogadro's numberD) is always greater than Avogadro's number.arrow_forwardElectronic contribution to the heat capacity at constant volume A) is always zero B) is zero, except for excited levels whose energy is comparable to KT C) equals 3/2 Nk D) equals Nk exp(BE)arrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward
- Calculate the packing factor of CaTiO3. It has a perovskite structure. Data: ionic radii Co²+ = 0.106 nm, Ti4+ = 0.064 nm, O² = 0.132 nm; lattice constant is a = 2(rTi4+ + ro2-). Ca2+ 02- T14+ Consider the ions as rigid spheres. 1. 0.581 or 58.1% 2. -0.581 or -58.1 % 3. 0.254 or 25.4%arrow_forwardGeneral formula etherarrow_forwardPlease provide the retrosynthetic analysis and forward synthesis of the molecule on the left from the starting material on the right. Please include hand-drawn structures! will upvote! Please correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning