Chemistry: Atoms First
Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511184
Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.2KSP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change (ΔGrxn°) in the given reaction has to be calculated

Concept introduction:

Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system.  Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.  (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated by the following equation.

ΔS°rxn = S°Products- S°reactants

Where,

S°reactants is the standard entropy of the reactants

S°Products is the standard entropy of the products

Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.

Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.

The enthalpy change in a system Ηsys) can be calculated by the following equation.

ΔHrxn = ΔH°produdcts- ΔH°reactants

Where,

ΔH°reactants is the standard entropy of the reactants

ΔH°produdcts is the standard entropy of the products

Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.  The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.

ΔG = ΔΗ- TΔS

Where,

ΔG  is the change in free energy of the system

ΔΗ is the change in enthalpy of the system

T is the absolute value of the temperature

ΔS is the change in entropy in the system

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry: Atoms First

Ch. 14.3 - Consider the gas-phase reaction of A2 (blue) and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.1SRCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.2SRCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.3SRCh. 14.4 - Determine if each of the following is a...Ch. 14.4 - For each of the following, calculate Suniv and...Ch. 14.4 - (a) Calculate Suniv and determine if the reaction...Ch. 14.4 - The following table shows the signs of Ssys,...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.1SRCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.2SRCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.3SRCh. 14.5 - According to Table 14 4, a reaction will be...Ch. 14.5 - A reaction will be spontaneous only at low...Ch. 14.5 - Given that the reaction 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + 6H2O(l) ...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 5PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.6WECh. 14.5 - Prob. 6PPACh. 14.5 - For each reaction, determine the value of Gf that...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 6PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.7WECh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPACh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPBCh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.1SRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.2SRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.3SRCh. 14 - Explain what is meant by a spontaneous process....Ch. 14 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.5QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.7QPCh. 14 - Consider two gas samples at STP: one consisting of...Ch. 14 - Now consider the reaction F2(g)2F(g)at constant...Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes why entropy...Ch. 14 - Which of the following best explains why entropy...Ch. 14 - How does the entropy of a system change for each...Ch. 14 - How does the entropy of a system change for each...Ch. 14 - Predict whether the entropy change is positive or...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.13QPCh. 14 - Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - For each pair of substances listed here, choose...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following substances (1 mole each) in...Ch. 14 - State the second law of thermodynamics in words,...Ch. 14 - State the third law of thermodynamics in words,...Ch. 14 - Calculate Ssurr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 14 - Calculate Ssurr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 14 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Srxn and...Ch. 14 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Srxn and...Ch. 14 - When a folded protein in solution is heated to a...Ch. 14 - Define free energy. What are its units?Ch. 14 - Why is it more convenient to predict the direction...Ch. 14 - What is the significance of the sign of Gsys?Ch. 14 - From the following combinations of H and S,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.29QPCh. 14 - Calculate G for the following reactions at 25C....Ch. 14 - Calculate G for the following reactions at 25C....Ch. 14 - From the values of H and S, predict which of the...Ch. 14 - Find the temperatures at which reactions with the...Ch. 14 - The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of...Ch. 14 - The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of...Ch. 14 - Use the values listed in Appendix 2 to calculate G...Ch. 14 - Certain bacteria in the soil obtain the necessary...Ch. 14 - What is a coupled reaction? What is its importance...Ch. 14 - What is the role of ATP in biological reactions?Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.40QPCh. 14 - Predict the signs of H, S, and G of the system for...Ch. 14 - A student placed 1 g of each of three compounds A,...Ch. 14 - The enthalpy change in the denaturation of a...Ch. 14 - Consider the following facts: Water freezes...Ch. 14 - Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) dissolves spontaneously...Ch. 14 - The standard enthalpy of formation and the...Ch. 14 - (a) Troutons rule states that the ratio of the...Ch. 14 - Referring to Problem 14.47, explain why the ratio...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.49QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.50QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.51QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.52QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.53QPCh. 14 - The molar heat of vaporization of ethanol is 39 3...Ch. 14 - As an approximation, we can assume that proteins...Ch. 14 - When a native protein in solution is heated to a...Ch. 14 - A 74.6-g ice cube floats in the Arctic Sea. The...Ch. 14 - A reaction for which H and S are both negative is...Ch. 14 - The sublimation of carbon dioxide at 78C is given...Ch. 14 - Many hydrocarbons exist as structural isomers,...Ch. 14 - Consider the following reaction at 298 K. 2H2(s) +...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not accompanied by an...Ch. 14 - Which of the following are not state functions: S,...Ch. 14 - Give a detailed example of each of the following,...Ch. 14 - Hydrogenation reactions (e.g., the process of...Ch. 14 - At 0 K. the entropy of carbon monoxide crystal is...Ch. 14 - Which of the following thermodynamic functions are...Ch. 14 - Using Gf values from Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2KSPCh. 14 - Using Grxnvalues from Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4KSP
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