
Using data from Appendix 2, calculate ΔS°rxn and ΔSsurr for each of the reactions in Problem 14.11 and determine if each reaction is spontaneous at 25°C.
(a)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
(b)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
(c)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is nonspontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
Explanation:
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
(d)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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- For the structure below, draw the resonance structure that is indicated by the curved arrow(s). Be sure to include formal charges. :ÖH Modify the second structure given to draw the new resonance structure. Include lone pairs and charges in your structure. Use the + and - tools to add/remove charges to an atom, and use the single bond tool to add/remove double bonds.arrow_forwardUsing the table of Reactants and Products provided in the Hints section, provide the major product (with the correct stereochemistry when applicable) for questions below by selecting the letter that corresponds to the exact chemical structures for the possible product. OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp A/arrow_forwardUsing arrows to designate the flow of electrons, complete the reaction below and provide a detailed mechanism for the formation of the product OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp All chemical structures should be hand drawn on a piece of paper Paragraph BI UAE +varrow_forward
- draw out the following structures plesearrow_forwardDraw everything on a piece of paper outlining the synthesis from acetaldehyde to 2 cyclopentene carboxaldehyde using carbon based reagants with 3 carbons or fewers. Here is the attached image.arrow_forwardManoharan Mariappan, FR.D., 34) Complete the following reaction starting from hex-1-yne proceeding via different substitution reactions forming 2-heptanone. (25 pts). A Sia₂BH H₂O₂ NaOH Br D Mechanism for reaction D - ether-cleavage: 10 B Ph-MgCI, THF H₁₂O+ D HBr (XS) C TsCl, Py CH3-CH2-CH2-ONaarrow_forward
- In the table below, the correct structure for (2R)-3-methylpentan-2-ol (IUPAC name) can be represented by the letter OH OH HE > ' ÕH C B OH D A/ E OHarrow_forwardPredict the major products of the following organic reaction: + A Δ ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Save For Later 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Usearrow_forwardWhy is analysing salt content (using Mohr titration) in both regular & salt reduced tomato sauce important?arrow_forward
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