Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 13SQ
Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement “An individual may inherit three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species, a condition called polyploidy” is true or false.

Introduction:

The process of cell division includes mitosis and meiosis. During these processes, the homologous chromosomes randomly align with their homologs at metaphase. The chromosomes are randomly paired and segregated to opposite poles during anaphase. In case of polyploids, such as triploids or pentaploids, the pairing between the homologs would be uneven and the gametes would not be normal.

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Figure 1. Showing a homologous pair of chromosomes that carry two linked genes. Here we can see that one chromosome carries A and Balleles, while the other homologous chromosome carries a and b alleles. This is much more informative than just giving the genotype of AaBb. Another way to symbolize the arrangement of alleles on a chromosome is to give the symbols for alleles on one chromosome above a horizontal line, and the symbols for the alleles on the homologous chromosome below the horizontal line. For example: A Figure 2. Showing the arrangement of alleles for a pair of linked genes. Here we can see that, exactly like the example in Figure 1, one chromosome carries A and B alleles, while the other chromosome carries a and b alleles. 1. Suppose that Gene G and Gene D are linked. If the genotype of an organism is GGDD, use both types of symbols you learned in Figure 1 and Figure 2 above to show the arrangement of alleles for this organism.
Corn has a chromosome number of 2=20. Supposing there are different aneuploidy/polyploidy in corn, provide the correct answer in the table below. 1. Type of aneuploidy/polyploidy Formula Chromosome Chromosome Types of gametes (n, n+1, n+2, n-1, n-2) number Configuration 1. monosomic 2. trisomic 3. double trisomic 4.nullisomic 5.tetrasomic 6. Autotetraploid 7. allotetraploid
Diploid Number of chromosomes, Sex Chromosomes, (+/- whole) Chromosome (+/- partial) e.g. 47, XY, +14 = male with trisomy of chromosome 14 e.g. 46, XX, 1q+ = female with a partial increase to the length of the long arm of chromosome 1 (partial increases or decreases to a single chromosome still have the same diploid number) What is the notation for the following case? A man having Klinefelter syndrome and one Barr body.
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