Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 13SQ
Summary Introduction
To examine: Whether the statement “An individual may inherit three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species, a condition called polyploidy” is true or false.
Introduction:
The process of cell division includes mitosis and meiosis. During these processes, the homologous chromosomes randomly align with their homologs at metaphase. The chromosomes are randomly paired and segregated to opposite poles during anaphase. In case of polyploids, such as triploids or pentaploids, the pairing between the homologs would be uneven and the gametes would not be normal.
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Figure 1. Showing a homologous pair of chromosomes that carry two linked genes. Here we can see
that one chromosome carries A and Balleles, while the other homologous chromosome carries a and b
alleles. This is much more informative than just giving the genotype of AaBb.
Another way to symbolize the arrangement of alleles on a chromosome is to give the symbols for alleles
on one chromosome above a horizontal line, and the symbols for the alleles on the homologous
chromosome below the horizontal line. For example:
A
Figure 2. Showing the arrangement of alleles for a pair of linked genes. Here we can see that, exactly
like the example in Figure 1, one chromosome carries A and B alleles, while the other chromosome
carries a and b alleles.
1. Suppose that Gene G and Gene D are linked. If the genotype of an organism is GGDD, use both
types of symbols you learned in Figure 1 and Figure 2 above to show the arrangement of alleles
for this organism.
Corn has a chromosome number of 2=20. Supposing there are different
aneuploidy/polyploidy in corn, provide the correct answer in the table below.
1.
Type of
aneuploidy/polyploidy
Formula
Chromosome
Chromosome
Types of gametes
(n, n+1, n+2, n-1,
n-2)
number
Configuration
1. monosomic
2. trisomic
3. double trisomic
4.nullisomic
5.tetrasomic
6. Autotetraploid
7. allotetraploid
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14 - Constructing a pedigree is particularly useful...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2SQCh. 14 - Prob. 3SQCh. 14 - Prob. 4SQCh. 14 - Prob. 5SQCh. 14 - A trait that is present in a male child but not in...Ch. 14 - Color blindness is a case of ______ inheritance....Ch. 14 - A female child inherits one X chromosome from her...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1DAACh. 14 - Prob. 2DAA
Ch. 14 - Prob. 3DAACh. 14 - Prob. 9SQCh. 14 - Expression of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11SQCh. 14 - Prob. 12SQCh. 14 - Prob. 13SQCh. 14 - Prob. 14SQCh. 14 - Match the chromosome terms appropriately. ____...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1GPCh. 14 - Does the phenotype indicated by the red circles...Ch. 14 - Human females have two X chromosomes (XX); males...Ch. 14 - A mutated allele responsible for Marfan syndrome...Ch. 14 - The somatic cells of most individuals with Down...Ch. 14 - Mutations in the genes for clotting factor VIII...
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- Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forwardConsider the example of the fusion of chromosome 21 and 14. By itself, this fusion does not cause any phenotypic differences in the carrier individuals. However, the children of carriers have a very high rate of down syndrome, as well as low fertility. Explain why this is? Be specific about what differences in chromosome number may occur in offspring, and how this occurs. Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please answer asap Consider the example of the fusion of chromosome 21 and 14. By itself, this fusion does not cause any phenotypic differences in the carrier individuals. However, the children of carriers have a very high rate of down syndrome, as well as low fertility. Explain why this is? Be specific about what differences in chromosome number may occur in offspring, and how this occurs.arrow_forwardDiploid Number of chromosomes, Sex Chromosomes, (+/- whole) Chromosome (+/- partial) e.g. 47, XY, +14 = male with trisomy of chromosome 14 e.g. 46, XX, 1q+ = female with a partial increase to the length of the long arm of chromosome 1 (partial increases or decreases to a single chromosome still have the same diploid number) What is the notation for the following case? A man having Klinefelter syndrome and one Barr body.arrow_forward
- Diploid Number of chromosomes, Sex Chromosomes, (+/- whole) Chromosome (+/- partial) e.g. 47, XY, +14 = male with trisomy of chromosome 14 e.g. 46, XX, 1q+ = female with a partial increase to the length of the long arm of chromosome 1 (partial increases or decreases to a single chromosome still have the same diploid number) What is the notation for the following case A boy having Down syndromearrow_forwardHomologous chromosomes can be either monads or dyads. Explain. How is it possible to have genetically identical twins that don’t look exactly alike?arrow_forwardIn a fictitious organism, the diploid (2N) chromosome number is 12. Fill in the following table for type of chromosome number variation, number of chromosomes in an individual, or chromosome complement formula as needed. Type of variation Diploid Monosomic Double trisomic Autotetraploid Chromosome number 12 13 6 Chromosome comp. formula 2N 2N + 1 3N 4Narrow_forward
- How do we get the expected?arrow_forwardIn the figure below, black and pink lines are used to represent nonhomologous chromosomes. Which of the figures matches the following descriptions? More than one diagram may correspond to any one statement, and a diagram may be a correct answer for more than one question. 1) Gametes produced by a reciprocal translocation heterozygote: 2) Genetically balanced gametes produced by a reciprocal translocation heterozygote:arrow_forwardAll of the above 8. Which is the correct description of the human chromosome number? * O2n =23 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O2n = 46 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O 4n = 23 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) O4n = 46 (where n=23, the number of different numbered human chromosomes) Any comments please use this space (e.g. to clarify an answer or point out w issues on questions, etc.)arrow_forward
- Diploid Number of chromosomes, Sex Chromosomes, (+/- whole) Chromosome (+/- partial) e.g. 47, XY, +14 = male with trisomy of chromosome 14 e.g. 46, XX, 1q+ = female with a partial increase to the length of the long arm of chromosome 1 (partial increases or decreases to a single chromosome still have the same diploid number) What is the notation for the following cases? ( A woman having Turner syndrome.arrow_forwardWhich statement about the relationship between genetic map and physical map is FALSE? The correlation between Genetic map distance and Physical map distance is not absolute. Roughly speaking, for two genes on the same chromosome, the bigger their genetic map distance is, the bigger the physical map distance is. The genetic map is in a way a distorted picture of the physical map. 1 genetic map unit (1cM) always correlates with a certain distance on the physical chromosome.arrow_forwardA diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…arrow_forward
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