Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 12Q
A very small number of people have a condition called vibratory urticaria. In this condition, physical vibrations (bumpy bus rides, jackhammers, running) can cause skin rashes. Scientists have found a genetic mutation in a single gene for a protein that stabilizes the surface of immune cells. You take it from here: What would a mutation in that protein possibly lead to?
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picture 1 shows the directed migration of two immune cell types, neutrophils (red) and macrophages (green) to a laser-induced injury in the ear of a mouse. As you can observe from the video, there are three stages to this process: 1) an initial phase characterized by fast recruitment of neutrophils (red) to the site of injury followed by 2) the slower recruitment of macrophages after which 3) the interaction between both cell types is stabilized. Recruitment to the injury site is mediated by leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent immune signaling molecule (Figure 1A). LTB4 binds to BLT1, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), activating various signaling pathways and resulting in immune cell migration to the site of injury (Figure 1B). With this background information and your knowledge of cell and molecular biology, describe in detail in your own words, as many molecular processes as you can identify that must take place for the cell migration process depicted in the video to be achieved. For…
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 14.1 - Define immunopathology, and identify the two major...Ch. 14.1 - Identify the four major categories of...Ch. 14.2 - Summarize genetic and environmental factors that...Ch. 14.2 - Identify three conditions caused by IgE-mediated...Ch. 14.2 - Identify the two clinical forms of anaphylaxis,...Ch. 14.2 - List the three main ways to prevent or...Ch. 14.2 - NCLEX PREP 1. During a visit to his physician, a...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2NPCh. 14.3 - List the three immune components causing cell...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 8AYP
Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 14.4 - Medical Moment Patch Testing Patch testing is an...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 14.5 - List four classes of grafts, and explain how host...Ch. 14.5 - NCLEX PREP 3. A patient receives a kidney...Ch. 14.6 - List at least three autoimmune diseases and the...Ch. 14.7 - Distinguish between primary and secondary...Ch. 14.7 - Medical Moment Hand Washing The importance of hand...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 4NPCh. 14 - Allergy and atopy might have evolved in human...Ch. 14 - Can you think of a reason why humans have evolved...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3QCh. 14 - Prob. 4QCh. 14 - What feature of antibodies makes them particularly...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6QCh. 14 - Prob. 7QCh. 14 - Prob. 8QCh. 14 - Epi-pens are devices used to instantly inject a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10QCh. 14 - Steroids administered to stop an allergic response...Ch. 14 - A very small number of people have a condition...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13QCh. 14 - Prob. 14QCh. 14 - Recent research shows that asthmatic patients have...Ch. 14 - Which statement is true of autoimmunity? a. It...Ch. 14 - It is often said that the normal microbiota of a...Ch. 14 - Investigate the link between Streptococcus...Ch. 14 - Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its...Ch. 14 - Do you think people with B-cell deficiencies can...Ch. 14 - The chapter tells us that the gut microbiome of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1VC
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- Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a high contagious bacterium. People with tuberculosis will often have a persistent (sometimes bloody) cough, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. M. tuberculosis produces a protein we will call “X”. A new test for tuberculosis checks for X antibodies in a person’s blood. If the antibodies are present, the result is “positive.” Why would X antibodies be present in someone’s blood? What specific kind of cells would produce them?arrow_forwardResearchers can make monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a mouse with a molecule (or with a microorganism). The resulting antibody-mediated response produces a set of antibodies that recognize different parts of the molecule. The mouse's B cells are then harvested from its spleen and fused with cancerous B cells from a myeloma cell line. The resulting hybrid myeloma ("hybridoma") cells are cloned: Individual cells are grown in tissue culture as separate cell lines. Each cell line produces and secretes antibodies that recognize one part of the immunizing molecule. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies, and they can be purified and used for research or other purposes. Monoclonal antibodies are effective for passive immunization, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies produced by one's own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but monoclonals delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?arrow_forwardMycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that have adapted to life inside phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. These intracellular bacteria are taken up by phagocytosis, similar to other pathogens, but the bacteria are not killed. One possible mechanism that could account for this immune evasion by mycobacteria is their ability to: Prevent induction of nitric oxide production in the phagosome Prevent the acidification of phagosomes Prevent the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the phagosome Prevent fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes Kill the macrophage before it kills themarrow_forward
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