Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13.4, Problem 3RIA
Briefly discuss the general organization of tRNA and rRNA genes. How does their expression differ from that of protein-coding genes with respect to posttranscriptional modification of the gene product?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: *
A) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation B)Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein
C)They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors
D)The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which ensure the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type.
E) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcription
Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.
Select the three post-transcriptional modifications often seen in the processing of mRNA in eukaryotes:
Group of answer choices
heteroduplex formation; base modification; capping
3'-capping; 5'-poly(A) tail addition; splicing
5'-poly(A) tail addition; insertion of introns; capping
removal of exons; insertion of introns; capping
5'-capping; 3'-poly(A) tail addition; splicing
Chapter 13 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 13.1 - MICRO INQUIRY Based on what we now know about...Ch. 13.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. Briefly summarize the...Ch. 13.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. Explain how protein was...Ch. 13.2 - MICRO INQUIRY To which carbon of ribose...Ch. 13.2 - MICRO INQUIRY How many H bonds are there between...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 3MICh. 13.2 - Prob. 1RIACh. 13.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What does it mean to say...Ch. 13.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Amino acids are described...Ch. 13.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What provides the energy to fuel...
Ch. 13.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What is the difference between...Ch. 13.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Why cant DNA polymerase I perform...Ch. 13.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply How many replicons do...Ch. 13.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the nature and...Ch. 13.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Outline the steps Involved...Ch. 13.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is the end replication...Ch. 13.4 - Why is the nontemplate strand called the sense...Ch. 13.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply The coding region of a gene...Ch. 13.4 - Which strand of a gene has sequences that...Ch. 13.4 - Briefly discuss the general organization of tRNA...Ch. 13.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Are the -35 and -10 regions...Ch. 13.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Outline the transcription...Ch. 13.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is a polycistronic...Ch. 13.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is a consensus...Ch. 13.5 - Tabulate the similarities and differences between...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 13.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply List the punctuation codons...Ch. 13.6 - What is the difference between a codon and an...Ch. 13.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is meant by code...Ch. 13.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Is the genetic code truly...Ch. 13.7 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is simultaneous transcription...Ch. 13.7 - MICRO INQUIRY What would be the outcome if an...Ch. 13.7 - MICRO INQUIRY Why would it be impossible for...Ch. 13.7 - MICRO INQUIRY What provides the energy to fuel...Ch. 13.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply In which direction are...Ch. 13.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the...Ch. 13.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are the translational...Ch. 13.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Tabulate the nature and...Ch. 13.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply How many ATP and GTP...Ch. 13.8 - MICRO INQUIRY What are two distinguishing features...Ch. 13.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are molecular...Ch. 13.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Would an intein-containing...Ch. 13.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Give the major...Ch. 13.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which translocation or...Ch. 13.8 - Prob. 5RIACh. 13 - Streptomyces coelicolor has a linear chromosome....Ch. 13 - You have isolated several E. coli mutants: Mutant...Ch. 13 - DNA polymerase I (Pol I) of E. coli consists of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CHI
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The pre-mRNA transcript and protein made by several mutant genes were examined. The results are given below. Determine where in the gene a likely mutation lies: the promoter region, exon, intron, cap on mRNA, or ribosome binding site. a. normal-length transcript, normal-length nonfunctional protein b. normal-length transcript, no protein made c. normal-length transcript, normal-length mRNA, short nonfunctional protein d. normal-length transcript, longer mRNA, shorter nonfunctional protein e. transcript never madearrow_forwardGene X codes for a protein in eukaryotes. A mutated eukaryotic cell contains an altered base-pair in an intron of gene X. Which would be the most likely effect of this mutation on the biomolecules in the cell? The amount of pre-mRNA transcribed from gene X would be less than normal. The amount of functional protein corresponding to gene X would be less than normal. The ability of snRNAs to form a spliceosome would be diminished. The breakdown of mature mRNA corresponding to gene X would be fasterarrow_forwardConsider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?arrow_forward
- The following four mutations have been discovered in a gene that has more than 60 exons and encodes a very large protein of 2532 amino acids. Indicate which mutation would likely cause a detectable change in the size of the mRNA and/or the size of the protein product. Consider a detectable change to be >10% of the wild-type size. A table of the genetic code is shown below. First letter 0 00 U O A บบบ UUC UUA UUG U CUU CUC CUA CUG Phe GUU GUC GUA GUG Leu >Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met >Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Second letter C Ser Pro Thr Ala CAU CAC CAA CAG UAU UGU Tyr UAC UGC UAA Stop UGA UAG Stop UGG AAU AAC AAA AAG A GAU GAC GAA GAG His Gin Asn Lys Asp G Glu CGU CGC CGA CGGJ AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG O AAG576UAG (changes codon 576 from AAG to UAG) Cys Stop Trp O GUG326AUG (changes codon 326 from GUG to AUG) Arg Ser Arg Gly DUAG DUA G DCAG DO AG deletion of codon 779 insertion of 1000 base pairs into the sixth intron (this particular…arrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify whether that sequence or feature of a typical protein-coding gene would be recognizable in the specified molecule in a typical prokaryotic cell. 5' UTR in DNA? 5' UTR in mRNA? Shine-Dalgarno in DNA? Shine-Dalgarno in polypeptide? Promoter in RNA? Promoter in polypeptide sequence? Stop codon in mRNA? Stop codon in the polypeptide sequence? [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] > <arrow_forwardDescribe three (3) ways in which the primary transcript is modified as it is converted to mRNA.arrow_forward
- One procedure of obtaining cDNA from mRNA is by using oligo(dT) primers. What are oligo(dT)s? Why does using them make sense based on the processing (or modification) of precursor mRNA to get mature mRNA?arrow_forwardFor a specific type of mutation at a given location in a particular gene, identify whether it will affect the size of the mRNA, the protein, or both. How would the mutant appear on a gel in comparison to the originalarrow_forwardOne of the challenges of studying RNA is the rapid degeneration of RNA. While the half-life of mRNA depends on the solutionit is in, in situ the half life of mRNA is between 5 minutes (E. coli) and 25 minutes (S. cerevisiae). When performing gene expression analyses it is important to make sure you can freeze a sample of mRNA in liquid nitrogen (halting mRNA decay) rapidly as to not loose too much of the original expression. Answer question A and B in order to answer the attached image questions Poll 1 and 2. A. You are doing an experiment with E. coli, what is the decay mRNA decay rate? B. If the sample initially has 0.25 pico-moles or mRNA, how much will remain in the sample if you freeze it 3 minutes later? See attached image for next question. Answer the two green poll questions please!!arrow_forward
- The deadenylation pathway is a critical means of maintaining a steady state level of mRNAs and proteins in the cells. How does deadenylation affect protein synthesis if it works on mRNAs? Options: loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degradation of transcript leading to reduced protein synthesis deadenylation can result in an increased exposure of the cap to enzymes involved in decapping, leading to subsequent 5' mediated degradation it reduces the ability of mRNAs to form 5' 3' circular mRNA structures that protects both termini a and b only a, b and carrow_forwardContrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. What are the implications for transcription, protein translation and gene regulation?arrow_forwardHemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. What effect might this new stop codon have on the primary and tertiary levels of the mutant factor IX protein (compared to the native or wild-type protein).arrow_forward
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