Chapter 13.2, Problem 1NV

Summary Introduction

To fill:

The correct term accordingly in the given blanks.

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is an organic molecule, which makes up the genetic material of a living organism. DNA is a hereditary molecule, which is transferred from one generation to another and is responsible for bringing all the characteristics of the organism by coding different proteins.

Answer to Problem 1NV

The given blanks can be filled as follows:

S. no.	Correct term
1	Genetic engineering
2	Genome
3	Restriction Enzyme
4	Gel electrophoresis
5	Recombinant DNA molecule
6	Plasmid
7	DNA ligase
8	Transformation
9	Cloning
10	PCR
11	Transgenic organism

Explanation of Solution

Genetic engineering is a method, in which the genetic material from an organism is isolated and inserted in another organism. The host organism can be of the same species or other species.

Genome is the total amount of DNA or any genetic material present in a cell.

Restriction enzymes are also known as molecular scissors, they cut a DNA sequence at a specific site.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique, in which DNA is chopped into smaller pieces using restriction enzymes and then these fragments are separated based on the size under electric current.

Recombinant DNA is a sequence of genetically modified DNA, in which the genes or the sequence of different sources are present.

Plasmid is a bacterial DNA sequence, which is circular in shape and double-stranded. It is widely used for recombination during genetic engineering.

Ligase is a group of an enzyme that is used for joining two strands together. DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins the two strands of DNA.

Transformation is a process by which foreign DNA is introduced into bacterial cells.

Cloning is the process in which a genetically identical gene or organism is created.

PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a process, in which DNA is copied multiple times to create millions of copies from a single strand of DNA.

Transgenic organism is an organism, in which there is a functional copy of a genetically modified gene from another organism.