
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 13.2, Problem 10AYP
Summary Introduction
To compare and contrast:
The major characteristics of exotoxins and endotoxins.
Concept introduction:
Endotoxins and exotoxins differ in their chemical composition and tissue specificity. The proteins with a strong specificity for a target cell is known as exotoxins. They are extremely powerful and may show deadly effects.
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Discussion Questions
Answer these discussion questions and submit them as part of your lab report.
Part A: The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
Graph the volume of oxygen produced against the temperature of the solution.
How is the oxygen production in 30 seconds related to the rate of the reaction?
At what temperature is the rate of reaction the highest? Lowest? Explain.
Why might the enzyme activity decrease at very high temperatures?
Why might a high fever be dangerous to humans?
What is the optimal temperature for enzymes in the human body?
Part B: The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
Graph the volume of oxygen produced against the pH of the solution.
At what pH is the rate of reaction the highest? Lowest? Explain.
Why does changing the pH affect the enzyme activity?
Research the enzyme catalase. What is its function in the human body?
What is the optimal pH for the following enzymes found in the human body? Explain. (catalase, lipase (in your stomach),…
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Discussion Questions:
Part One
Why were the plants kept in the dark prior to the experiment? Why is this important?
Why is it important to boil the leaf?
Explain why it was necessary to use boiling alcohol?
What is the purpose of the iodine?
Part Two
What was the purpose of keeping the leaf in the dark and then covering it with a cardboard cut-out?
What conclusions can you draw from this part of the lab?
Part Three
7. In this experiment what was the purpose of adding the soda lime?
8. Why was a sealed bag placed around each plant?
9. What happened in the control plants?
10. What was the result on photosynthesis?
Part Four
11. Why was a variegated leaf used in this experiment?
!2. What conclusions can you draw about starch production in a variegated leaf?
How did the color differences between the two bacterial species you used in this experiment help you determine if the streak plate method you performed was successful?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Identify the sites where normal biota is found in...Ch. 13.1 - Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 13.2 - Differentiate between a microbes pathogenicity and...Ch. 13.2 - List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.2 - Draw and label a curve representing the course of...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.2 - List six different modes of horizontal...Ch. 13.2 - Define healthcare-associated infection, listing...Ch. 13.2 - List Kochs postulates, and explain alternative...Ch. 13.3 - Summarize the goals of epidemiology and the role...Ch. 13.3 - Identify why some diseases are notifiable, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.3 - Discuss the three major types of epidemics, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 13 - A positive antibody test for HIV would be a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 11TFCh. 13 - Prob. 12TFCh. 13 - Prob. 13TFCh. 13 - Prob. 14TFCh. 13 - Prob. 15TFCh. 13 - Based upon data from the Human Microbiome Project...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 1VCCh. 13 - Appendix D provides guidance for working with...
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