The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1MCQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is commensals. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Option (a) is given as “commensals”.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Some organisms show evolution along with its human hosts and produce a complex relationship in which the effects of normal biota are not deleterious to the host. Normal biota is generally either in a commensal or mutualistic association with their hosts because microbes exist in different kinds of relationships with their hosts.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (b) is given as “parasites”.

The parasites are the organisms which can live on host body, but they do not live in commensals like microorganisms. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as “pathogens”.

Not all pathogens live in commensals. Only some microorganisms live in commensals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as “mutualists”.

Mutualists are the organisms which live in a relationship such that both the organisms are benefitted. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b),(c), and(d) are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

The commensals are the microorganisms which live in a group. The resident biotas are also commensals.

Answer 13

Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYP Ch. 13.1 - Identify the sites where normal biota is found in...Ch. 13.1 - Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4AYP Ch. 13.2 - Differentiate between a microbes pathogenicity and...Ch. 13.2 - List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYP Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYP Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYP Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 10AYP

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Solution Summary: The author explains that a holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota, which prevents overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Concept explainers

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 13 Solutions

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Solution Summary: The author explains that a holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota, which prevents overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Concept explainers

Introduction: The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.

Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 13 Solutions

Introduction:

The humans are connected with a vast array of microbes known as resident biota. A holobiont includes the human body along with resident biota. These microbes of resident biota also prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.