Chapter 13.12, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two products having the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{12}}{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}$ that is obtained by the treatment of biphenyl with the combination of nitric acid and sulfuric acid are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The regioselectivity of substitution in aromatic compounds depends on the substituent already attached to the ring.

Certain substituents are ortho and para directing while certain substituents are meta directing.

If the nitric acid reacts with sulfuric acid, the nitronium ion is generated. This nitronium ion is the active electrophile and reacts with the pi-electron system of the benzene or aromatic ring.