Chapter 13, Problem 46P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative rate of chlorination of biphenyl is to be compared with benzene and the amount of $\text{p-chlorobiphenyl}$ formed in a particular chlorination reaction are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electron rich substituents on a benzene ring activate it toward electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). The electron rich substituents direct the incoming group to ortho- and para- position.

The rate at which EAS occurs at different positions relative to a substituent is determined by the nature of the substituent and the number of equivalent sites on the ring.

The product distribution of an EAS reaction is also determined by the same factors.