Anatomy & Physiology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321861580
Author: Marieb, Elaine N.
Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 4CYU
Your PNS mostly consists of nerves. What else belongs to your PNS?
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 13 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 13 - What are the three levels of sensory integration?Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 13 - Your cortex decodes incoming action potentials...Ch. 13 - Your PNS mostly consists of nerves. What else...Ch. 13 - Youve cut your finger on a broken beaker in your...Ch. 13 - What are tears and what structure secretes them?Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 13 - Arrange the following in the order that light...Ch. 13 - You have been reading this book text for a while...
Ch. 13 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 13 - For each of the following, indicate whether it...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13CYUCh. 13 - Which part of the visual field would be affected...Ch. 13 - Name the five taste modalities. Name the three...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 13 - Apart from the bony boundaries, which structure...Ch. 13 - Which structure inside the spiral organ allows us...Ch. 13 - If the brain stem did not receive input from both...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 13 - What is in a nerve besides axons?Ch. 13 - Prob. 24CYUCh. 13 - Name the cranial nerve(s) most involved in each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26CYUCh. 13 - After his horse-riding accident, the actor...Ch. 13 - What are varicosities and where would you find...Ch. 13 - Which parts of the nervous system ultimately plan...Ch. 13 - Prob. 30CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 31CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 32CYUCh. 13 - The large onion-shaped receptors that are found...Ch. 13 - Proprioceptors include all of the following except...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Match the names of the cranial nerves in column B...Ch. 13 - For each of the following muscles or body regions,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - The portion of the fibrous layer that is white and...Ch. 13 - Which sequence best describes a normal route for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11RQCh. 13 - Damage to the medial recti muscles would probably...Ch. 13 - The phenomenon of dark adaptation is best...Ch. 13 - Blockage of the scleral venous sinus might result...Ch. 13 - Nearsightedness is more properly called a. myopia,...Ch. 13 - Of the neurons in the retina, the axons of which...Ch. 13 - Which sequence of reactions occurs when a person...Ch. 13 - The blind spot of the eye is a. where more rods...Ch. 13 - Olfactory tract damage would probably affect your...Ch. 13 - Sensory impulses transmitted over the facial,...Ch. 13 - Taste buds are found on the a. anterior part of...Ch. 13 - Gustatory epithelial cells are stimulated by a....Ch. 13 - Olfactory nerve filaments are found a. in the...Ch. 13 - Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the...Ch. 13 - Which of the following statements does not...Ch. 13 - Pitch is to frequency of sound as loudness is to...Ch. 13 - The structure that allows pressure in the middle...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is important in maintaining...Ch. 13 - Equilibrium receptors that report the position of...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is not a possible cause of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 31RQCh. 13 - Prob. 32RQCh. 13 - List the structural components of the peripheral...Ch. 13 - (a) Define plexus. (b) Indicate the spinal roots...Ch. 13 - What is the homeostatic value of flexor reflexes?Ch. 13 - Prob. 36RQCh. 13 - Explain how a crossed-extensor reflex exemplifies...Ch. 13 - What clinical information can be gained by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 39RQCh. 13 - Where are the olfactory sensory neurons, and why...Ch. 13 - How do rods and cones differ functionally?Ch. 13 - Where is the fovea centralis, and why is it...Ch. 13 - Prob. 43RQCh. 13 - Since there are only three types of cones, how can...Ch. 13 - Prob. 45RQCh. 13 - Central pattern generators (CPGs) are found at the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47RQCh. 13 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 13 - Prob. 2CCSCh. 13 - Prob. 3CCSCh. 13 - Prob. 4CCSCh. 13 - Prob. 5CCS
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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