The product of given reactions has to be drawn. Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide . The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid . Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Heating an alcohol in the presence of sulfuric or phosphoric acid will cause a dehydration to occur: the removal of the elements of water from a molecule, forming an alkene. The reaction usually follows an E1 mechanism. The SN1 pathway is suppressed by using a strong acid whose conjugate base is a poor nucleophile. Further, heating the reaction mixture causes a greater increase in the rate of E1 compared to the rate of S№1. 2nd attempt 0 See Periodic Table See Hint Draw the organic intermediate from the first step (no byproducts) and draw curved arrow(s) to show how it reacts. TH +11: 1st attempt Feedback H H H C F F See Periodic Table See Hint

This molecule undergoes an E1 mechanism when stirred in methanol. 3rd attempt CH₂OH CH₂OH 6148 O See Periodic Table. See Hint Draw 3 chemical species including formal charges and lone pairs of electrons. Add the missing curved arrow notation. H N O O SA 3 Br I

Complete the mechanism for the E1 reaction below by following the directions written above each of the five boxes. Be sure to include lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges. 1st attempt Y 0 + Provide the missing curved arrow notation. 01: See Periodic Table See Hint H C Br I

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a alpha hydrogen.

The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl halide. The anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl halide. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 15

Ch. 13.1 - Identify the most acidic hydrogen in each...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13.1 - Explain why HO cannot remove a proton from the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 13 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: The product of given reactions has to be drawn. Concept introduction: Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 13 Solutions

Interpretation:

The product of given reactions has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Base abstracts a proton and formed enolate will attack the carbon to which halogen is attached, which in turn leads to the removal of halide ion.