Chemistry In Focus
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305084476
Author: Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 25E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The degree of acidity of acid rain in the United States and its attribution to natural causes are to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Acid rain is generated by nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and combustion of fossil fuels. The
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
Ch. 13 - Which property is not generally associated with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2SCCh. 13 - The ideal pH of a swimming pool is 7.2. You...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.1YTCh. 13 - Identify the Brnsted-Lowry acid and base in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - What are the properties of acids?Ch. 13 - Prob. 3ECh. 13 - Prob. 4ECh. 13 - List five common laboratory acids and their uses.
Ch. 13 - Why are bases not commonly found in foods?Ch. 13 - List four common laboratory bases and their uses.Ch. 13 - What are the Arrhenius definitions of acids and...Ch. 13 - What are the Brnsted-Lowry definitions of acids...Ch. 13 - What is the difference between a strong acid and a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11ECh. 13 - What pH range is considered acidic? Basic?...Ch. 13 - What acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 13 - What is pickling? What acid is responsible for the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15ECh. 13 - Prob. 16ECh. 13 - List several common acids and where they might be...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18ECh. 13 - Prob. 19ECh. 13 - What causes acid indigestion? List some common...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21ECh. 13 - Explain how a leavening agent works.Ch. 13 - Prob. 23ECh. 13 - Prob. 24ECh. 13 - Prob. 25ECh. 13 - Prob. 26ECh. 13 - Prob. 27ECh. 13 - Prob. 28ECh. 13 - Write a chemical equation to show the...Ch. 13 - Write a chemical equation to show the...Ch. 13 - Identify the Brnsted-Lowry acid and base in each...Ch. 13 - Identify the Brnsted-Lowry acid and base in each...Ch. 13 - Write a chemical equation using Lewis structures...Ch. 13 - Write a chemical equation using Lewis structures...Ch. 13 - A chemist makes two solutions. One is a 0.01-MHCl...Ch. 13 - A chemist makes a 0.001-MNaOH solution and a...Ch. 13 - Give the pH that corresponds to each solution and...Ch. 13 - Give the pH that corresponds to each solution and...Ch. 13 - What is the [H3O+] in a solution with a pH of 4?Ch. 13 - What is the [H3O+] in a solution with a pH of 11?Ch. 13 - Write chemical reactions to show how each antacid...Ch. 13 - Write chemical reactions to show how each antacid...Ch. 13 - Suppose that the stomach contains...Ch. 13 - Suppose that 250.0 mL of a basic solution is 0.100...Ch. 13 - Prob. 45ECh. 13 - Write a chemical reaction to show how NO2 forms...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47ECh. 13 - Prob. 50ECh. 13 - Determine from the following molecular view of a...Ch. 13 - Determine from the following molecular view of a...
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- Hi!! Please provide a solution that is handwritten. Ensure all figures, reaction mechanisms (with arrows and lone pairs please!!), and structures are clearly drawn to illustrate the synthesis of the product as per the standards of a third year organic chemistry course. ****the solution must include all steps, mechanisms, and intermediate structures as required. Please hand-draw the mechanisms and structures to support your explanation. Don’t give me AI-generated diagrams or text-based explanations, no wordy explanations on how to draw the structures I need help with the exact mechanism hand drawn by you!!! I am reposting this—ensure all parts of the question are straightforward and clear or please let another expert handle it thanks!!arrow_forwardHi!! Please provide a solution that is handwritten. Ensure all figures, reaction mechanisms (with arrows and lone pairs please!!), and structures are clearly drawn to illustrate the synthesis of the product as per the standards of a third year organic chemistry course. ****the solution must include all steps, mechanisms, and intermediate structures as required. Please hand-draw the mechanisms and structures to support your explanation. Don’t give me AI-generated diagrams or text-based explanations, no wordy explanations on how to draw the structures I need help with the exact mechanism hand drawn by you!!! I am reposting this—ensure all parts of the question are straightforward and clear or please let another expert handle it thanks!!arrow_forward. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. < cleavage Bond A • CH3 + 26. t cleavage 2°C• +3°C• Bond C Cleavage CH3 ZC '2°C. 26. E Strongest 3°C. 2C. Gund Largest BDE weakest bond In that molecule a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest C bond Produces A Weakest Bond Most Strongest Bond Stable radical Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 人 8°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. methyl radical •CH3 formed in bund A Cleavagearrow_forward
- Which carbocation is more stable?arrow_forwardAre the products of the given reaction correct? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe question below asks why the products shown are NOT the correct products. I asked this already, and the person explained why those are the correct products, as opposed to what we would think should be the correct products. That's the opposite of what the question was asking. Why are they not the correct products? A reaction mechanism for how we arrive at the correct products is requested ("using key intermediates"). In other words, why is HCl added to the terminal alkene rather than the internal alkene?arrow_forward
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