Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
The two most important reactions of alcohols are their acid-catalyzed dehydration to give
Concept Introduction:
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
True.
Explanation of Solution
Alcohols are organic compounds containing -OH group. It undergoes in the presence of acid to form an alkene. Dehydration is the removal of water from alcohol.
Alcohols undergo oxidation to yield aldehyde, ketone, and carboxylic acid. The primary alcohol in an acid catalyzed oxidation gives an aldehyde and further acid catalyzed oxidation gives a corresponding acid.
The secondary alcohol in an acid catalyzed oxidation fives a ketone.
Therefore, this statement is True.
(b)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
The acidity of alcohols is comparable to that of water.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
True.
Explanation of Solution
The strength of an acid can be measured by the acid dissociation constant Ka while the pKa value is logarithmic value of the acid dissociation constant. So, the alcohol has the nearly same pKa value as of water.
Therefore, this statement is True.
(c)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
Water-insoluble alcohols and water-insoluble phenols react with string bases to give water soluble salts.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
Alcohol is a water-soluble compound. It is soluble in water because of the hydrogen bonding between oxygen and hydrogen atoms of water and alcohol molecules. Phenol is also water soluble because of hydrogen bonding. Water-soluble alcohol and water-insoluble phenol react with string bases to form water-soluble salt.
Therefore, this statement is False.
(d)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
Acid catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol gives cyclohexene.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
Acid-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol gives corresponding alkene. In the presence of sulfuric acid, cyclohexanol gives cyclohexene.
Therefore, this statement is False.
(e)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
When the acid-catalyzed dehydration of an alkene can yield isomeric alkenes, the alkene with the greater number of hydrogens in the carbons of the double bond generally predominates.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
Acid-catalyzed dehydration of an alcohol gives an isomeric alkene. The isomeric alkene, which has a lower number of hydrogen atoms in the double bond, has a grater yield. Hence, when butanol undergoes an acid-catalyzed dehydration, 2-butene is the major product.
Therefore, this statement is False.
(f)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
The acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-butanol gives predominantly 1-butene.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
An acid catalyzed dehydration of butanol gives predominantly 2-butene. The yield of 1-butene is approximately because in the acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction of an alcohol, the major product has the lower number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms with double bonds. Thus, 2-Butene is the major product.
Therefore, this statement is False.
(g)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
The oxidation of a primary alcohol gives either an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid depending on experimental conditions.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
True.
Explanation of Solution
The oxidation of the primary alcohols gives either aldehyde or carboxylic acid, depending on the experimental condition. For illustration, the primary alcohol in an acid catalyzed oxidation gives an aldehyde and further acid catalyzed oxidation gives a corresponding acid.
Therefore, this statement is True.
(h)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
The oxidation of a secondary alcohol gives a carboxylic acid.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
The secondary alcohol in an acid-catalyzed oxidation gives ketone. The oxidation of the secondary alcohol gives ketone in the presence of potassium chromate as an oxidizing agent. It does not produce carboxylic acid because it lacks a hydrogen atom.
Therefore, this statement is false.
(i)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
Acetic acid, CH3 COOH, can be prepared from ethylene, CH2 =CH2, by treatment of ethylene with H2 O/H2 SO4, followed by treatment with K2 Cr2 O7 /H2 SO4.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
True.
Explanation of Solution
Ethylene undergoes acid catalyzed hydration to produce ethanol. This, ethanol, in further treatment with potassium dichromate, undergoes oxidation to form acetic acid. The reaction is.
Therefore, this statement is True.
(j)
Interpretation:
State True or false.
Treatment of propene, CH3 CH=CH2, with H2 O/H2 SO4, followed by treatment with K2 Cr2 O7 /H2 SO4 gives propanoic acid.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction is the procedure to transform the chemical substance in the new substance. During this procedure sometimes, acid is involved which is the substance which could either accept electron pairs or donate protons in the reactions.
A catalyst is the molecule which is used to speed up the chemical reaction, not being consumed within the procedure. Acids are used as catalysts are needed for an acid catalyzed hydration.
A dehydration reaction is aeration when any organic substance loses the water molecule to form an alkene.
Answer to Problem 22P
False.
Explanation of Solution
The hydration of propene with water in the presence of sulfuric acid produces propanol. It is a secondary alcohol. Propanol undergoes oxidation in the presence of potassium chromate and produces propanone. There is no hydrogen atom present in propanone. So, it does not produce propanoic acid in oxidation.
Therefore, this statement is false.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
INTRO.TO GENERAL,ORGAN...-OWLV2 ACCESS
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
- give example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward(Methanesulfinyl)methane is reacted with NaH, and then with acetophenone. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
- 3-Oxo-butanenitrile and (E)-2-butenal are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forwardWhat is the reason of the following(use equations if possible) a.) In MO preperation through diazotization: Addition of sodium nitrite in acidfied solution in order to form diazonium salt b.) in MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at low pH c.) In MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at pH 4.5 d.) Avoiding not cooling down the reaction mixture when preparing the diazonium salt e.) Cbvcarrow_forwardA 0.552-g sample of an unknown acid was dissolved in water to a total volume of 20.0 mL. This sample was titrated with 0.1103 M KOH. The equivalence point occurred at 29.42 mL base added. The pH of the solution at 10.0 mL base added was 3.72. Determine the molar mass of the acid. Determine the Ka of the acid.arrow_forward
- As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will its major product: 2,0° with a new C-C bond as If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing aree below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and desh bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new C-C bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank.arrow_forwardwrite the mechanism of the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, please give an examplearrow_forwardThe compound in the figure is reacted with 10 n-butyllihium, 2° propanone, and 3º H2O. Draw and name the products obtained. SiMe3arrow_forward
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