(a) Interpretation: The term "Quenching" needs to be explained. Concept Introduction: Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

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Write a program that simulates a Magic 8 Ball, which is a fortune-telling toy that displays a random response to a yes or no question. In the student sample programs for this book, you will find a text file named 8_ball_responses.txt. The file contains 12 responses, such as “I don’t think so”, “Yes, of course!”, “I’m not sure”, and so forth. The program should read the responses from the file into a list. It should prompt the user to ask a question, then display one of the responses, randomly selected from the list. The program should repeat until the user is ready to quit. Contents of 8_ball_responses.txt: Yes, of course! Without a doubt, yes. You can count on it. For sure! Ask me later. I'm not sure. I can't tell you right now. I'll tell you after my nap. No way! I don't think so. Without a doubt, no. The answer is clearly NO. (You can access the Computer Science Portal at www.pearsonhighered.com/gaddis.)

⑤ b Δε m ab C 40

Problem 10.16 An isosceles triangle of base 40 mm and altitude 54 mm has its base in the V.P. The surface of the plane is inclined at 50° to the V.P. and perpendicular to the H.P. Draw its projections. Construction Refer to Fig. 10.17. An isosceles triangle has its base in the V.P., so con- sider that initially the triangle ABC is placed in the V.P. with base AB perpendicular to the H.P. 1. First stage Draw a triangle a'b'c' keeping a'b' perpendicular to xy to represent the front view. Project the corners to xy and obtain ac as the top view. 2. Second stage Reproduce the top view of first stage keeping ab on xy and ac inclined at 50° to xy. Obtain new points a', b' and c' in the front view by joining the points of intersection of the vertical projectors from a, b and c of the second stage with the corresponding horizontal locus lines from a', b' and c' of the first stage. Join a'b'c' to represent the final front view. Here, the front view is an equilateral triangle of side 40 mm. X 54…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The term "Quenching" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Quenching is one of the important concepts in material science and metallurgy. In quenching the fast cooling of workpiece takes place in order to obtain required material characteristics. In the cooling process, the cooling fluids used are water, air, oil. Quenching is the advantageous in case of low-temperature process like phase transformation.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The term "Tempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which tampering is one of them, it is a heat treating, progress the toughness especially of iron-based alloys.

Tempering method is done by heating the metal to particular temperature, but the temperature must be below the critical point for a certain period of time.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The term "retained austenite" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

To change the undesirable properties of steel as well as cast iron into desirable and commercially acceptable, various methods are used in which retained austenite is one of them, In the retained austenite process, austenite that does not completely transform to martensite quenching.

This retained austenite microconstituent occurs when the steel is not quenched to a temperature low enough to form 100% martensite.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The term "mar-quenching or "martempering" needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Martempering is also called as interrupted quenching or stepped quenching. The steel above the transformation range or critical point is heated in this process.

In this method, the austenite is a transformed to martensite at stepped quenching, at a rate fast sufficient to avoid the formation of ferrite, bainite or pearlite.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.2P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.3P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains quenching, which is the fast cooling of workpieces in order to obtain required material characteristics. Quenching is hardened steel by forming martensite.

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Chapter 13 Solutions