Chapter 13, Problem 13.12EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula belongs to alkene with one double bond, or a cycloalkene with one double bond has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons are alkene, alkyne and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkane has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  Alkene in which one double is present has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkyne in which one triple bond is present has the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Cycloalkenes in which one double bond is present have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.12EP

Given molecular formula belongs to an alkene with one double bond.

Explanation of Solution

Given molecular formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$.  Considering the general molecular formula the value of “n” is 4.  The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecular formula is 8.  This is twice the number of carbon atoms.  Hence, the general molecular formula of the given compound can be deduced as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  This is a general molecular formula of alkene with one double bond.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is found to be that for an alkene containing one double bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula belongs to alkene with one double bond, or a cycloalkene with one double bond has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons are alkene, alkyne and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkane has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  Alkene in which one double is present has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkyne in which one triple bond is present has the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Cycloalkenes in which one double bond is present have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.12EP

Given molecular formula belongs to a cycloalkene with one double bond.

Explanation of Solution

Given molecular formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}$.  Considering the general molecular formula the value of “n” is 5.  The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecular formula is 8.  This is two numbers less than the twice number of carbon atoms.  Hence, the general molecular formula of the given compound can be deduced as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  This is a general molecular formula of cycloalkene with one double bond.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is found to be that for a cycloalkene containing one double bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula belongs to alkene with one double bond, or a cycloalkene with one double bond has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons are alkene, alkyne and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkane has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  Alkene in which one double is present has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkyne in which one triple bond is present has the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Cycloalkenes in which one double bond is present have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.12EP

Given molecular formula belongs to a cycloalkene with one double bond.

Explanation of Solution

Given molecular formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$.  Considering the general molecular formula the value of “n” is 6.  The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecular formula is 10.  This is two numbers less than the twice number of carbon atoms.  Hence, the general molecular formula of the given compound can be deduced as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  This is a general molecular formula of cycloalkene with one double bond.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is found to be that for a cycloalkene containing one double bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given molecular formula belongs to alkene with one double bond, or a cycloalkene with one double bond has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons are alkene, alkyne and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkane has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  Alkene in which one double is present has general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkyne in which one triple bond is present has the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Cycloalkenes in which one double bond is present have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.12EP

Given molecular formula belongs to an alkene with one double bond.

Explanation of Solution

Given molecular formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{10}}$.  Considering the general molecular formula the value of “n” is 5.  The total number of hydrogen atoms present in the given molecular formula is 10.  This is twice the number of carbon atoms.  Hence, the general molecular formula of the given compound can be deduced as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  This is a general molecular formula of alkene with one double bond.

Conclusion

The given molecular formula is found to be that for an alkene containing one double bond.