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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
It has to be identified whether the given value lend credence to the given story of the establishment of the Fahrenheit scale.
Concept Introduction:
Ideal solutions: The solution in which interactions between molecules of the components does not differ from the interactions between the molecules of each component. For example the ideal solutions that conforms exactly to Raoult’s law it compare to the activity and activity co-efficient.
Melting point (or) freezing point: The pure crystal solids have a characteristic melting point, the temperature at which the solid melts to become a liquid. The transition between the solid and the liquid is so sharp for small samples of a pure substance that melting points can be measured to (0.10C). Further Liquids have a characteristic temperature at which they turn into solids, known as their freezing point.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- For each of the following pairs of solutions, select the solution for which solute solubility is greatest. a. Ammonia gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C Ammonia gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 90C b. Carbon dioxide gas in water with P = 2 atm and T = 50C Carbon dioxide gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C c. Table salt in water with P = 1 atm and T = 60C Table salt in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C d. Table sugar in water with P = 2 atm and T = 40C Table sugar in water with P = 1 atm and T = 70Carrow_forwardThe dispersed phase of a certain colloidal dispersion consists of spheres of diameter 1.0 102 nm. (a) What are the volume (V=43r2) and surface area (A = r2) of each sphere? (b) How many spheres are required to give a total volume of 1.0 cm3? What is the total surface area of these spheres in square meters?arrow_forward6-20 Give a familiar example of solutions of each of these types: (a) Liquid in liquid (b) Solid in liquid (c) Gas in liquid (d) Gas in gasarrow_forward
- 6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.arrow_forwardWhat is the mole fraction of H 2 S O 4 in a solution containingthe percentage of sulfuric acid and water shownin Figure 14.25?arrow_forwardWhat mass of a 4.00% NaOH solution by mass contains 15.0 g of NaOH?arrow_forward
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)arrow_forwardThe solubility in water of ionic compound X is measured and found to be 0.174 mL at 25. °C. Calculate the volume of a saturated solution of X in water that would contain 310. mg of X at this temperature. Be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol and number of significant digits.arrow_forwardThe normal freezing point of a certain liquid X is −9.10 °C, but when 8.7 g of potassium bromide (KBr) are dissolved in 100. g of X the solution freezes at - 12.2 °C instead. Use this information to calculate the molal freezing point depression constant K of X. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. K₁ = °C.kg mol x10 Xarrow_forward
- A certain liquid X has a normal freezing point of −3.40 °C and a freezing point depression constant K .=5.74 °C·kg⋅mol¯¹. A solution is prepared by dissolving some zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) in 700. g of X. This solution freezes at -5.0 °C. Calculate the mass of ZnCl₂ that was dissolved. Be sure your answer is rounded to the correct number of significiant digits. g ☐ x10 Xarrow_forwardWhen 238. mg of a certain molecular compound X are dissolved in 90.0 g of benzonitrile C6H5CN , the freezing point of the solution is measured to be −13.0 °C . Calculate the molar mass of X. If you need any additional information on benzonitrile, use only what you find in the ALEKS Data resource. Also, be sure your answer has a unit symbol, and is rounded to 1 significant digit.arrow_forwardSeawater consists of many important elements in the form of salts dissolved in the water. At 25°C the mass percentage of salts in seawater will total 3.5% m/m. The density of seawater at this temperature and salt percentage is 1.024 kg/L. Study the chart and answer the questions below: 1. The chart assumes 1000.0 g of seawater. What volume, Vsoln (L), does this correspond to at 25 °C? 2. The diagram claims that chloride ions make up 55% m/m of all salt ions. Confirm this number. if possible, I would like handwritten answers with calculations. Thanks :)arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
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