Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.6, Problem 35P
To determine
The change in enthalpy of air, in
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Two identical piston cylinder devices A and B both contain 1 kg of saturated water mixture at the quality ofx = 0.5 at the pressure of p = 100 kPa.
Both systems are heated until the quality of the systems reach to x 0.8. However, the system in cylinder A undergoes an internally irreversible heating
process but the heating in cylinder B takes place in a reversible manner. At the end of the processes when thermodynamic equilibrium is reached both
systems have the same pressure of p = 100 kPa.
a) What can be said about the entropy change AS of the systems A and B during these processes ? Compare them in terms of magnitude. Please explain
your answer.
(You do not need to calculate the exact number for the entropy change)
b) Compare the two processes in terms of entropy generation. If you can express the magnitude of Sgen for any of those processes please do.
In the first case, there is 5 kg of water at 300 kPa (3 bar) pressure and 60% dryness in a closed container whose volume does not change. Heat transfer is performed until the closed container water reaches a pressure value of 1 MPa. The limit temperature of the closed container is 300 Cwill be taken.Note: Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible.(P0 = 100 kPa, T0 = 25 ◦C and T (K) = 273.15 + ◦C)a) Find the heat transfer to the sealed container.b) Find the exergy that disappears during the process.
There are 2.27 kg/min of steam undergoing an isothermal process from 3 Bar, 316o C to 7 Bar. Determine (a) ΔS, ΔU and Δ (b) Determine Q and W for a nonflow process, and (c) for steady flow process with ΔK = 0. Use and draw T-s diagram.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between partial...Ch. 12.6 - Consider the function z(x, y). Plot a differential...Ch. 12.6 - Consider a function z(x, y) and its partial...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 4PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 5PCh. 12.6 - Consider a function f(x) and its derivative df/dx....Ch. 12.6 - Conside the function z(x, y), its partial...Ch. 12.6 - Consider air at 350 K and 0.75 m3/kg. Using Eq....Ch. 12.6 - Consider air at 350 K and 0.75 m3/kg. Using Eq....Ch. 12.6 - Nitrogen gas at 800 R and 50 psia behaves as an...
Ch. 12.6 - Consider an ideal gas at 400 K and 100 kPa. As a...Ch. 12.6 - Using the equation of state P(v a) = RT, verify...Ch. 12.6 - Prove for an ideal gas that (a) the P = constant...Ch. 12.6 - Verify the validity of the last Maxwell relation...Ch. 12.6 - Verify the validity of the last Maxwell relation...Ch. 12.6 - Show how you would evaluate T, v, u, a, and g from...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 18PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 19PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 20PCh. 12.6 - Prove that (PT)=kk1(PT)v.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 22PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 12.6 - Using the Clapeyron equation, estimate the...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26PCh. 12.6 - Determine the hfg of refrigerant-134a at 10F on...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 28PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 29PCh. 12.6 - Two grams of a saturated liquid are converted to a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 31PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 32PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 33PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 34PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 35PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 36PCh. 12.6 - Determine the change in the internal energy of...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 38PCh. 12.6 - Determine the change in the entropy of helium, in...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 40PCh. 12.6 - Estimate the specific heat difference cp cv for...Ch. 12.6 - Derive expressions for (a) u, (b) h, and (c) s for...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the specific heat...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the specific heat...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the isothermal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 46PCh. 12.6 - Show that cpcv=T(PT)V(VT)P.Ch. 12.6 - Show that the enthalpy of an ideal gas is a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 49PCh. 12.6 - Show that = ( P/ T)v.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 51PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 52PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 53PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 54PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 55PCh. 12.6 - Does the Joule-Thomson coefficient of a substance...Ch. 12.6 - The pressure of a fluid always decreases during an...Ch. 12.6 - Will the temperature of helium change if it is...Ch. 12.6 - Estimate the Joule-Thomson coefficient of...Ch. 12.6 - Estimate the Joule-Thomson coefficient of...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 61PCh. 12.6 - Steam is throttled slightly from 1 MPa and 300C....Ch. 12.6 - What is the most general equation of state for...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 64PCh. 12.6 - Consider a gas whose equation of state is P(v a)...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 66PCh. 12.6 - What is the enthalpy departure?Ch. 12.6 - On the generalized enthalpy departure chart, the...Ch. 12.6 - Why is the generalized enthalpy departure chart...Ch. 12.6 - What is the error involved in the (a) enthalpy and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 71PCh. 12.6 - Saturated water vapor at 300C is expanded while...Ch. 12.6 - Determine the enthalpy change and the entropy...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 74PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 75PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 77PCh. 12.6 - Propane is compressed isothermally by a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 81PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 82RPCh. 12.6 - Starting with the relation dh = T ds + vdP, show...Ch. 12.6 - Using the cyclic relation and the first Maxwell...Ch. 12.6 - For ideal gases, the development of the...Ch. 12.6 - Show that cv=T(vT)s(PT)vandcp=T(PT)s(vT)PCh. 12.6 - Temperature and pressure may be defined as...Ch. 12.6 - For a homogeneous (single-phase) simple pure...Ch. 12.6 - For a homogeneous (single-phase) simple pure...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 90RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 91RPCh. 12.6 - Estimate the cpof nitrogen at 300 kPa and 400 K,...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 93RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 94RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 95RPCh. 12.6 - Methane is to be adiabatically and reversibly...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 97RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 98RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 99RPCh. 12.6 - An adiabatic 0.2-m3 storage tank that is initially...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 102FEPCh. 12.6 - Consider the liquidvapor saturation curve of a...Ch. 12.6 - For a gas whose equation of state is P(v b) = RT,...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 105FEPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 106FEP
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- 1. Water initially at 200 kPa and 300 °C is contained in a piston-cylinder device fitted with stops. The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a saturated vapor and the piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v diagrams sketch, with respect to the saturation lines, draw the process curves passing through both the initial, intermediate, and final states of the water. Label the T, P and v values for end states on the process curves. Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit mass of water Water 200 kPa 300°C Qarrow_forwardThe initial state of air as an ideal gas T= 25 C, P= 1 atm and V=0.5 L. Determine W, Q, u and h for both Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Use k = 1.4arrow_forwardCalculate the decrease of enthalpy of 2 kg of Butane from 2 MPa, 800 K and 100 kPa, 0.35 kg/m3, in kJ. Round your answer to the nearest whole number and consider the system as an ideal gas.arrow_forward
- In the first case, there is 5 kg of water at 300 kPa (3 bar) pressure and 60% dryness in a closed container whose volume does not change. Heat transfer is performed until the closed container water reaches a pressure value of 1 MPa. The limit temperature of the closed container will be 300◦C.Note: Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible.P0 = 100 kPa, T0 = 25 ◦C and T (K) = 273.15 + ◦Ca) Find the heat transfer to the sealed container.b) Find the exergy that disappears during the process.arrow_forward(b) Sketch a T-v diagram that includes the saturation line, axes values, the initial and final states, and pressure curves for the following processes: Process 1: A piston-cylinder device contains compressed liquid water at 5 MPa and 180°C. Heat is added to the system isobarically until the entire liquid is vaporized. Process 2: Expansion of steam inside a turbine from 5 MPa at 270°C, to 1 MPa at 230°C. Note: Show all steps and calculations involved.arrow_forwardA 2.170-kg steam-water mixture at 1.0 MPa is contained in an inflexible tank. Heat is added until the pressure rises to 3.5 MPa and the temperature to 400°C. Determine the heat added in kJ. Use steam tables of Keenan et alarrow_forward
- An ideal gas mixture at T₁=300 K, p₁=6 bar, and V₁-20 liters is isothermally expanded to V₂=40 litters against a constant external pressure of 3 bar. Neglect the effects of piston acceleration. Determine the change in international energy (in J), the work (in J), the heat (in J), the change in entropy (in J/K) for this process. Is the Second Law of Thermodynamics satisfied?arrow_forwardAir is expanded in an internally reversible process from p1=10.29 bar and T1=1200K to a final pressure of p2= 1.00 bar. Determine all properties of the initial and final states (T,p,v,h and u), calculate the work of the process per unit mass, and sketch the process in the T-s and p-v diagrams assuming ideal gas behavior in the 4 following cases. Adiabatic reversible expansion in an ideal turbine (1 inlet and 1 outlet); Adiabatic reversible expansion in a (closed) frictionless piston–cylinder device; Isothermal reversible expansion in an ideal turbine (1 inlet and 1 outlet); Isothermal expansion in a (closed) frictionless piston–cylinder device. Kinetic and potential energy terms are negligible in all processesarrow_forward4. A 0.5 m³ rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 200 kPa and 40 percent quality. Heat is now transferred to the refrigerant until the pressure reaches 800 kPa. Determine (a) the mass of the refrigerant in the tank and (b) the amount of heat transferred. Also, show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. [12.3 kg, 2956.2Kj]arrow_forward
- Plot the processes described on a PV diagram. Properly label the state points 1, 2, 3 ... and so on toindicate the correct sequence of the described changes in state.arrow_forwardASAParrow_forward200 kPa pressure and 3 kg of saturated liquid and saturated steam mixture water at 50% degree are in a vertical piston cylinder arrangement. As a result of the heat transfer from the environment to the cylinder, the piston moves by increasing slowly at constant pressure and heat is transferred to the piston-cylinder arrangement until the volume reaches 3 times.Note: Take T (K) = 273.15 + ◦C and ambient temperature 25◦C.a) Draw the T-s diagram of the state change, show the temperature and entropies in the initial and final states on the diagram.b) Find the heat transfer, kj, to the system during the process.c) Find the total amount of entropy, kj / K, produced during this process.d) Consider whether a change of state is possible.arrow_forward
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