Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259822674
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.6, Problem 34P
To determine
The change in internal energy of air, in
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(b)
Sketch a T-v diagram that includes the saturation line, axes values, the initial and final
states, and pressure curves for the following processes:
Process 1: A piston-cylinder device contains compressed liquid water at 5 MPa and
180°C. Heat is added to the system isobarically until the entire liquid is vaporized.
Process 2: Expansion of steam inside a turbine from 5 MPa at 270°C, to 1 MPa at
230°C.
Note: Show all steps and calculations involved.
In the first case, there is 5 kg of water at 300 kPa (3 bar) pressure and 60% dryness in a closed container whose volume does not change. Heat transfer is performed until the closed container water reaches a pressure value of 1 MPa. The limit temperature of the closed container is 300 Cwill be taken.Note: Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible.(P0 = 100 kPa, T0 = 25 ◦C and T (K) = 273.15 + ◦C)a) Find the heat transfer to the sealed container.b) Find the exergy that disappears during the process.
Air is expanded in an internally reversible process from p1=10.29 bar and T1=1200K to a final pressure of p2= 1.00 bar.
Determine all properties of the initial and final states (T,p,v,h and u), calculate the work of the process per unit mass, and sketch the process in the T-s and p-v diagrams assuming ideal gas behavior in the 4 following cases.
Adiabatic reversible expansion in an ideal turbine (1 inlet and 1 outlet);
Adiabatic reversible expansion in a (closed) frictionless piston–cylinder device;
Isothermal reversible expansion in an ideal turbine (1 inlet and 1 outlet);
Isothermal expansion in a (closed) frictionless piston–cylinder device.
Kinetic and potential energy terms are negligible in all processes
Chapter 12 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between partial...Ch. 12.6 - Consider the function z(x, y). Plot a differential...Ch. 12.6 - Consider a function z(x, y) and its partial...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 4PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 5PCh. 12.6 - Consider a function f(x) and its derivative df/dx....Ch. 12.6 - Conside the function z(x, y), its partial...Ch. 12.6 - Consider air at 350 K and 0.75 m3/kg. Using Eq....Ch. 12.6 - Consider air at 350 K and 0.75 m3/kg. Using Eq....Ch. 12.6 - Nitrogen gas at 800 R and 50 psia behaves as an...
Ch. 12.6 - Consider an ideal gas at 400 K and 100 kPa. As a...Ch. 12.6 - Using the equation of state P(v a) = RT, verify...Ch. 12.6 - Prove for an ideal gas that (a) the P = constant...Ch. 12.6 - Verify the validity of the last Maxwell relation...Ch. 12.6 - Verify the validity of the last Maxwell relation...Ch. 12.6 - Show how you would evaluate T, v, u, a, and g from...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 18PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 19PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 20PCh. 12.6 - Prove that (PT)=kk1(PT)v.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 22PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 12.6 - Using the Clapeyron equation, estimate the...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26PCh. 12.6 - Determine the hfg of refrigerant-134a at 10F on...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 28PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 29PCh. 12.6 - Two grams of a saturated liquid are converted to a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 31PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 32PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 33PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 34PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 35PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 36PCh. 12.6 - Determine the change in the internal energy of...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 38PCh. 12.6 - Determine the change in the entropy of helium, in...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 40PCh. 12.6 - Estimate the specific heat difference cp cv for...Ch. 12.6 - Derive expressions for (a) u, (b) h, and (c) s for...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the specific heat...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the specific heat...Ch. 12.6 - Derive an expression for the isothermal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 46PCh. 12.6 - Show that cpcv=T(PT)V(VT)P.Ch. 12.6 - Show that the enthalpy of an ideal gas is a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 49PCh. 12.6 - Show that = ( P/ T)v.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 51PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 52PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 53PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 54PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 55PCh. 12.6 - Does the Joule-Thomson coefficient of a substance...Ch. 12.6 - The pressure of a fluid always decreases during an...Ch. 12.6 - Will the temperature of helium change if it is...Ch. 12.6 - Estimate the Joule-Thomson coefficient of...Ch. 12.6 - Estimate the Joule-Thomson coefficient of...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 61PCh. 12.6 - Steam is throttled slightly from 1 MPa and 300C....Ch. 12.6 - What is the most general equation of state for...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 64PCh. 12.6 - Consider a gas whose equation of state is P(v a)...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 66PCh. 12.6 - What is the enthalpy departure?Ch. 12.6 - On the generalized enthalpy departure chart, the...Ch. 12.6 - Why is the generalized enthalpy departure chart...Ch. 12.6 - What is the error involved in the (a) enthalpy and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 71PCh. 12.6 - Saturated water vapor at 300C is expanded while...Ch. 12.6 - Determine the enthalpy change and the entropy...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 74PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 75PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 77PCh. 12.6 - Propane is compressed isothermally by a...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 81PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 82RPCh. 12.6 - Starting with the relation dh = T ds + vdP, show...Ch. 12.6 - Using the cyclic relation and the first Maxwell...Ch. 12.6 - For ideal gases, the development of the...Ch. 12.6 - Show that cv=T(vT)s(PT)vandcp=T(PT)s(vT)PCh. 12.6 - Temperature and pressure may be defined as...Ch. 12.6 - For a homogeneous (single-phase) simple pure...Ch. 12.6 - For a homogeneous (single-phase) simple pure...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 90RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 91RPCh. 12.6 - Estimate the cpof nitrogen at 300 kPa and 400 K,...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 93RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 94RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 95RPCh. 12.6 - Methane is to be adiabatically and reversibly...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 97RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 98RPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 99RPCh. 12.6 - An adiabatic 0.2-m3 storage tank that is initially...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 102FEPCh. 12.6 - Consider the liquidvapor saturation curve of a...Ch. 12.6 - For a gas whose equation of state is P(v b) = RT,...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 105FEPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 106FEP
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- ASAParrow_forward(Q1) A piston-cylinder device contains 4.2 kg of argon at 950 kPa and 310°C is expanded according to the relation PV = C to 110 kPa. Then the gas is compressed isothermally to the initial pressure. Finally, the gas undergoes a constant pressure process to retum to the initial state. Determine (a) the temperature after the polytropic expansion, (b) the work done during each process, (c) the net work done of the cycle and (d) the net amount of the heat transfer.arrow_forwardTwo identical piston cylinder devices A and B both contain 1 kg of saturated water mixture at the quality ofx = 0.5 at the pressure of p = 100 kPa. Both systems are heated until the quality of the systems reach to x 0.8. However, the system in cylinder A undergoes an internally irreversible heating process but the heating in cylinder B takes place in a reversible manner. At the end of the processes when thermodynamic equilibrium is reached both systems have the same pressure of p = 100 kPa. a) What can be said about the entropy change AS of the systems A and B during these processes ? Compare them in terms of magnitude. Please explain your answer. (You do not need to calculate the exact number for the entropy change) b) Compare the two processes in terms of entropy generation. If you can express the magnitude of Sgen for any of those processes please do.arrow_forward
- 200 kPa pressure and 3 kg of saturated liquid and saturated steam mixture water at 50% degree are in a vertical piston cylinder arrangement. As a result of the heat transfer from the environment to the cylinder, the piston moves by increasing slowly at constant pressure and heat is transferred to the piston-cylinder arrangement until the volume reaches 3 times.Note: Take T (K) = 273.15 + ◦C and ambient temperature 25◦C.a) Draw the T-s diagram of the state change, show the temperature and entropies in the initial and final states on the diagram.b) Find the heat transfer, kj, to the system during the process.c) Find the total amount of entropy, kj / K, produced during this process.d) Consider whether a change of state is possible.arrow_forwardThere are 2.27 kg/min of steam undergoing an isothermal process from 3 Bar, 316o C to 7 Bar. Determine (a) ΔS, ΔU and Δ (b) Determine Q and W for a nonflow process, and (c) for steady flow process with ΔK = 0. Use and draw T-s diagram.arrow_forwardThe initial state of air as an ideal gas T= 25 C, P= 1 atm and V=0.5 L. Determine W, Q, u and h for both Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Use k = 1.4arrow_forward
- In the first case, there is 5 kg of water at 300 kPa (3 bar) pressure and 60% dryness in a closed container whose volume does not change. Heat transfer is performed until the closed container water reaches a pressure value of 1 MPa. The limit temperature of the closed container will be 300◦C.Note: Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible.P0 = 100 kPa, T0 = 25 ◦C and T (K) = 273.15 + ◦Ca) Find the heat transfer to the sealed container.b) Find the exergy that disappears during the process.arrow_forwardA gas in the initial state of p = 75 psia and V = 5 ft. undergoes a process to p2 = 25 psia and V2 = 9.68 ft.?, during which the enthalpy decreases 62 BTU. The specific heat at constant volume is cy = 0.754 BTU/lb.°R. Determine (a) the change of internal energy, (b) the specific heat at constant pressure, (c) the gas constant R.°arrow_forward1. 10 kg of R – 134a at 300kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L. The container is now heated until the pressure is 600kPa. Sketch the process on a P – v diagram with respect to saturation lines and give reasons. Vf@300kPa = 7.7 × 10−4 m³/kg, vg@300kPa = 0.068 m³/kg; Vf@600kPa = 8.2 x 10 m³/kg, vg@600kPa = 0.034 m³/kg.arrow_forward
- 1 kg air undergoes reversible heating at constant P from Ti = 300K and Pi = 1 bar until the volume triples. Determine the Work for the process.(Cp = 29 J mol-1K-1)arrow_forwardAn ideal gas initially occupying 0.020 m3 at 1.0 MPa is quasistatically expanded inside a piston-cylinder device at a constant pressure until its volume doubles. Next the expansion is continued at constant volume till the pressure reaches half of the initial pressure. Finally it is brought back to the initial state in a polytropic process with exponent n=1.6. (a) Draw the processes on a P-v diagram. (b) Calculate the total work for the processes. (c) Calculate the total heat transferred for the processes. (d) What is the difference between the initial and final temperature?arrow_forward1. Water initially at 200 kPa and 300 °C is contained in a piston-cylinder device fitted with stops. The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a saturated vapor and the piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v diagrams sketch, with respect to the saturation lines, draw the process curves passing through both the initial, intermediate, and final states of the water. Label the T, P and v values for end states on the process curves. Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit mass of water Water 200 kPa 300°C Qarrow_forward
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