Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs.  At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical.  These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer