Chapter 12, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-super imposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-super imposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Bromination of alkene in presence of peroxide:

${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ is the brominating agent and it is used as a source of bromine in the radical reaction. It undergoes homolytic cleavage forms bromine radical. In the first step abstraction of proton takes place and forms more stable radical which undergoes halogen abstraction and leads to the formation of brominated product (bromine radical adds to the $s{p}^2$ carbon which is bonded with most hydrogen atom).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-super imposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-super imposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Bromination of alkene in presence of peroxide:

${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ is the brominating agent and it is used as a source of bromine in the radical reaction. It undergoes homolytic cleavage forms bromine radical. In the first step abstraction of proton takes place and forms more stable radical which undergoes halogen abstraction and leads to the formation of brominated product (bromine radical adds to the $s{p}^2$ carbon which is bonded with most hydrogen atom)

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-super imposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-super imposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Bromination of alkene in presence of peroxide:

${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ is the brominating agent and it is used as a source of bromine in the radical reaction. It undergoes homolytic cleavage forms bromine radical. In the first step abstraction of proton takes place and forms more stable radical which undergoes halogen abstraction and leads to the formation of brominated product (bromine radical adds to the $s{p}^2$ carbon which is bonded with most hydrogen atom).

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide which will be obtained in greater yield from the given reaction has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Bond strength is depends on the formation of the radical, if the radical is involving in resonance which is weakest bond strength.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-super imposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-super imposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Bromination of alkene in presence of peroxide:

${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ is the brominating agent and it is used as a source of bromine in the radical reaction. It undergoes hemolytic cleavage forms bromine radical. In the first step abstraction of proton takes place and forms more stable radical which undergoes halogen abstraction and leads to the formation of brominated product (bromine radical adds to the $s{p}^2$  carbon which is bonded with most hydrogen atom).