Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 12, Problem 79E

Consider this scenario and answer the following questions: Chlorine atoms resulting from decomposition of chloro?uoromethanes, such as CCI2F2, catalyze the decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere. One simplified mechanism for the decomposition is:

O 3 sunlight O 2 + O

O 3 + CI O 2 + CIO

CIO + O CI + O 2

(a) Explain why chlorine atoms are catalysts in the gas-phase transformation:

2 O 3 3 O 2

(b) Nitric oxide is also involved in the decomposition of ozone by the mechanism:

O 3 sunlight O 2 + O

O 3 + NO NO 2 + O 2

NO 2 + O NO + O 2

Is NO a catalyst for the decomposition? Explain your answer.

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Hello, i need help with these questions. Please provide a handwritten solution for better understanding. One pathway for the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere is   O3(g) + NO(g)--->  NO2(g) + O2(g) Slow NO2(g) + O(g) ---> NO(g) + O2(g) Fast   Overall reaction: O3(g) + O(g)--->  2O2(g) Ea is 14.0 kJ/mol, for the uncatalyzed reaction: O3(g) + O(g) --> 2O2(g) 1a) Ea for the same reaction, when catalyzed as above, is 11.9 kJ/mol.At -37°C, what is the ratio of the rate constant for the catalyzed reaction to that for the uncatalyzed reaction?(Assume the frequency factor A is the same for each reaction.) 1b)  One of the concerns about the use of freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where chlorine atoms can be generated by the reaction CCl2F2  CF2Cl + Cl (photolysis of Freon-12) Chlorine atoms can also act as a catalyst for the destruction of ozone.The activation energy for the reaction Cl + O3 --> ClO + O2 is 2.1…

Chapter 12 Solutions

Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)

Ch. 12 - In the PhET Reactions under Options. (a) Leave...Ch. 12 - How do the rate of a reaction and its rate...Ch. 12 - Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 12 - Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 12 - How much and in what direction will each of the...Ch. 12 - How will each of the following affect the rate of...Ch. 12 - Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the...Ch. 12 - Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the radioactive decay of 14C...Ch. 12 - The decomposition of acetaldehyde is a second...Ch. 12 - Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a...Ch. 12 - Under certain conditions the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, decomposes to NO and CI2....Ch. 12 - From the following data, determine the rate...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine according...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form...Ch. 12 - For the reaction AB+C, the following data were...Ch. 12 - For the reaction QW+X, the following data were...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the ?rst-order decomposition...Ch. 12 - The annual production of HNO3 in 2013 was 60...Ch. 12 - The following data have been determined for the...Ch. 12 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 12 - Use the data provided to graphically determine the...Ch. 12 - Use the data provided in a graphical method to...Ch. 12 - Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g)....Ch. 12 - From the given data, use a graphical method to...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of O3...Ch. 12 - The reaction of compound A to give compounds C and...Ch. 12 - The half-life of a reaction of compound A to give...Ch. 12 - Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic...Ch. 12 - Both technetium-99 and thallium-201 are used to...Ch. 12 - There are two molecules with the formula C3H6...Ch. 12 - Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope that decays...Ch. 12 - Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an...Ch. 12 - Recently, the skeleton of King Richard III was...Ch. 12 - Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive...Ch. 12 - For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon...Ch. 12 - Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide....Ch. 12 - When every collision between reactants leads to a...Ch. 12 - What is the activation energy of a reaction, and...Ch. 12 - Account for the relationship between the rate of a...Ch. 12 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 12 - How does an increase in temperature affect rate of...Ch. 12 - The rate of a certain reaction doubles for every...Ch. 12 - In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90%...Ch. 12 - The rate constant at 325 C for the decomposition...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - An elevated level of the enzyme alkaline...Ch. 12 - In terms of collision theory, to which of the...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 12 - The element Co exists in two oxidation states,...Ch. 12 - The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars...Ch. 12 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision" tab of...Ch. 12 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision tab of the...Ch. 12 - Why awe elementary reactions involving three or...Ch. 12 - In general, can we predict the effect of doubling...Ch. 12 - Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b)...Ch. 12 - What is the rate equation for the elementary...Ch. 12 - Given the following reactions and the...Ch. 12 - Write the rate equation for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen (Il) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2,...Ch. 12 - Experiments were conducted to study the rate of...Ch. 12 - The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene...Ch. 12 - . Account for the increase in reaction rate...Ch. 12 - Compare the functions of homogeneous and...Ch. 12 - Consider this scenario and answer the following...Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 12 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 12 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 12 - Based on the diagrams in Exercise 12.83, which of...Ch. 12 - Based on the diagram in Exercise 12.83, which of...

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