Chapter 12, Problem 73P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with O₂(flame) needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction; the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant whereas the newly formed substance is called as a product. Both reactant and products must be separated by an arrow. Substitution is one of the types of chemical reactions of alkane that involves the substitution of one of the H atoms of the molecule to form substituted product.

Answer to Problem 73P

  ${\text{2 (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + 25 O}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 16 CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ + 18 H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O }$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with O₂(flame) is a combustion reaction that must lead to the formation of carbon dioxide and water as the final product.

The balance chemical equation for the combustion of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with O₂(flame) is as given below:

  ${\text{2 (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + 25 O}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 16 CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ + 18 H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O }$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed when ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ reacts with Cl₂(light) needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction; the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant whereas the newly formed substance is called as a product. Both reactant and products must be separated by an arrow. Substitution is one of the types of chemical reactions of alkane that involves the substitution of one of the H atoms of the molecule to form substituted product.

Answer to Problem 73P

  ${\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl + HCl }$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with chlorine in the presence of light will form ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl }$ as the final product with $\text{HCl}$ as the side product. Here, the reaction follows the free radical mechanism that forms free radical as intermediate. Hence to get the product of halogenation reaction, substitute the hydrogen atom with halogen Cl.The balance chemical equation for the combustion of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ chlorine in the presence of light is as given below:

  ${\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl + HCl }$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product formed when ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ reacts with Br₂(heat) needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical reaction is the symbolic representation of the conversion of substances to new substances.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{ A + B }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ C}\\ \text{Reactant }\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ Product}\end{array}$

In a chemical reaction; the substance which is involved in conversion is said to be reactant whereas the newly formed substance is called as a product. Both reactant and products must be separated by an arrow. Substitution is one of the types of chemical reactions of alkane that involves the substitution of one of the H atoms of the molecule to form substituted product.

Answer to Problem 73P

  ${\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + Br}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br + HBr }$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with bromine in the presence of heat will form ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ as the final product with $\text{HBr}$ as the side product. Here, the reaction follows the ionic mechanism that forms carbocation as intermediate. Hence to get the product of halogenation reaction, substitute the hydrogen atom with halogen Br. The balance chemical equation for the combustion of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ bromine in the presence of heat is as given below:

  ${\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ + Br}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ (CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CC(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br + HBr }$